United Duchies:Factbook

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Politics:

High Dukes/Duchesses:

High Duke/Duchess	Ascension	End of Reign	House	Religion
Ludger I	1801	1811	Schonburg	Catholic
Xavier I	1811	1829	Redwood	Catholic
Nikolai I	1829	1838	Drummford	Catholic
Horace I	1839	1873	Stuart-Lane	Lutheran
Nikolai II	1873	1938	Schweistein	Lutheran
Griselda I	1938	1974	Mormont	Catholic
Albert I	1974	2021	Schweistein	Lutheran
Nikolai III	2022	Current	Drummford	Catholic

Levels of Government:
Local Government:Local government is divided between city and regional councils which run local services like libraries, public services and local transport though many share service responsibilities between councils . The next level up is Duchy government with this which run Duchy Wide transport and decide most national economic policy including minimum wage and multi-regional rail and running local Health Services and Education with funding from Central government.These are run fully democratically at local and Duchy level though each region also has its own allocated percent of seats that are selected by Barons(one each).The highest legislature in a Duchy is the Dutchy Assembly consisted of some members appointed by the Duke/Duchess and a majority elected by the people . The Duchy's also decide laws on social issues such as marriage, drugs , alcohol and other issues.

Each Duchy is run by an elected First Minister and then Head of State in the Duke/Duchess which is either elected from among the Barons of the Duchy or held by a royal family.

Each Duchy has its own Duchy High Court with Judges appointed for life or until selected for the Royal Court by the Duke/Duchess. Each appointment is approved by Duchy Assembly.
United Duchies Government
The next level up in government is the House of Commons which is a fully elected house with 650 seats including 500 seats with 150 seats being national list seats to help keep elections proportional by making up party seats to the national totals. The Prime Minister is elected from this house from the biggest party generally by convention and the nation who then also selects his cabinet generally from this house.

The second branch of parliament is the House of Duchies with 30 seats for each duchy or 240 seats.

The third branch of the national parliament is the Imperial Senate consisting of experts appointed by Unions, Business Guilds and Professional Organisations, Churches, Dukes and the High Duke with Barons getting a seat automatically. These parliaments decide immigration law, national social laws, economic laws, national transport police, environmental policy on a national basis,health welfare , defense and foreign policy.The parliament also appoint some members to the board of the Dutchies Investment Fund . When the High Duke dies an election is held for the new High Duke/Duchess position with current Dukes and Duchesses who choose to run or a nominated son and daughter of a Duke or Duchess being the candidates. The election consists of gaining a majority of the House of Duchies which has 30 elected seats in each duchy for a total of 240 and The Imperial Senate. If on can win a majority in both houses then they are crowned High Duke or High Duchess for their life or until they relinquish the throne though this is not traditionally done if one candidate cannot be agreed by both houses the top 2 in terms of votes will draw lots for the throne. Bills must pass through all 3 houses and be signed by the Duke after it is declared constitutional by the Ducal Court for it to become law.

The Highest position in government is the High Duke/Duchess this role is equivalent to King/Queen. This position is mainly ceremonial though the High Duke/Duchess does hold the power to refuse or accept any Prime Minister or his cabinet that is selected by parliament and also is the final person to sign a bill into law after it is checked for legality by the Ducal Court which currently has 9 members appointed by the High Duke and 1 by each Duchies Duke or Duchess. If the High Duke/Duchess refuses to sign a law it makes its way back to the House of Duchies where it must gain 66% of the vote in order to pass though this is rare and traditionally the High Duke/Duchess signs laws that have passed the House of Duchies and Imperial Senate.

The highest constitutional court of the Duchies is the Royal Court which has 4 Judges selected to serve for life by the High Duke/Duchess with 1 candidate selected by each Duchy Duke/Duchess. All these are then approved by a majority of 66% of both the House of Duchies and Imperial Senate.This court is based in Cair Para.

Below this is the Supreme Court which is the highest level of criminal and civil court generally though some civil cases may go up to the Royal Court.

Main Government Buildings:
House of Commons:

Cair Paravel:

House of Duchies Chamber at Cair Paravel:
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Laws by Duchy

Major National Political Parties:
The Left:

Economic :Far Left
Social:Centrist/Liberal Wing
About:The party seeks long term to reform United Duchies into a series of Democratic Republics preferably with socialist governments winning the elections. The party was formed as a merger of Communist and Socialist organisations to maximise seats

Party of Social Democrats:

Economic :Social Democracy
Social:Mainly Liberal
About:Forming out of elements of the labour movement supportive of the Duchy system but supportive of worker and union rights as well as many benefits. The party is working class in nature though it moved to embrace the middle class as well and to a more centre left social democracy stance. The party is supportive of the political system while believing in expanding worker rights within a Social market economy.

Liberal Party of the Duchies

Economic:Mixed but mainly towards centre or centre right
Social:Liberal
About:The Liberal Party supports a reorganisation of social law to make it more liberal. They believe more in rehabilition focus in law and order and that social laws should be liberalised nationwide. They fight in all Duchies to expand womens rights, LGBT rights and for drug legalisation. They are most popular in the South and Southeast.

Moderate Party:

Economic :Centrist
Social:Centrist
About:The party supports many socially liberal policies such as gay marriage and abortion but is open to working with conservatives on a practical level to bring about what rights it can, it is however for tough policies on crime and security being supportive of a criminal justice system that punishes severe offenders while working to rehabilitate those who commit minor crimes. The party is centrist in terms of economics supporting the current social market economy balanced with high minimum wages and workers rights legislation.

Union of Democrats:

Economic :Centre Right
Social:Moderately Conservative with Some Liberal Ideas
About:The party came about as merger of the centre right parties. The party consists of a mix of social conservatives who may support a centrist approach economically to a One Duchies wing who support centre right economics favouring supporting especially small business as an alternative to welfare who are liberal socially supporting more things like gay marriages or at least civil unions and other LGBT rights as well as women having the right to abortion.

Unus

Economic :Left
Social:National Conservative
About:A merger of Alliance of Royalists and National Rally the party aims to Unite the National Conservatives. The Party stands for a strong welfare state for citizens while maintaining National Conservative stances on issues like LGBT rights, Abortion , Immigration and Law and Order.

Ex-Parties::
Alliance of Royalists
Economic :Centrist
Social:National conservative/Religious conservatism
About:The party is considered to be very right wing due to its stances opposing gay marriage, being supportive of restrictive abortion policy and against mass immigration especially from poorer nations. The party defines its policy as economically centrist but with a "Duchies first" approach that favours high military spending as well as a heavy focus on law and order withing the confines of UDoHR of the EU. However the party supports restricting gay marriage. The party is strongly supportive of the Duchy system with it also supporting rural communities and grants to rural communities. It is slightly agrarian in nature.

National Rally
Economic :Left Wing
Social:National Conservative
About:The party is supportive of a strong left wing economic state with high welfare and businesses to be highly regulated. It however is also highly nationalist and conservative consistently opposing liberal positions of LGBT rights, Liberal Abortions laws and drug legalisation. The party is supportive of tough law and order stances and opposes immigration levels wanting to reduce immigration to only 10's of thousands of skilled immigrants wanting to end any refugee programmes instead favouring sending aid to the countries the refugees come from in return for no immigration from them. The party is seen as far right by some people.

New Dawn

Economic :Syndicalist
Social:Ultranationalist
About:New Dawn supports a reorganisation of the Duchies. While it would still keep the Dukes with would focus on a syndicalist platform with vast swathes of the economy nationalised. While on law and order and immigration it would take a tough hard line approach , reintroduce the death penalty and be strict on all crime. The party would ban immigration except for spousal immigration and is hostile to immigrants wanting to stop any access to benefits and initiate a 30 year period until one can be a citizen.It would ban importing of workers unless there is no Duchian who can do the job. The party is very activist and provides assistance to people of white "pure-blood" Duchian status.It says it opposes the "invasion of immigrants supported by corporatist elites" and is especially hostile to Islam which it claims wants to create a islamostate in the Duchies.

Other Ex Parties:
Communist Party
Workers Party
Whig
Conservatives
Duchies Christian Alliance

House of Commons:

Party	Local/Overhang Seats	List Seats	Seats	Seat Percent
ADA	1	0	1	0.15%
The Left	16	12	28	4.29%
IUAC	1	0	1	0.15%
PSD	107	29	135	20.71%
Liberal Party	64	27	91	13.96%
Moderate Party	168	34	202	30.98%
Union of Democrats	82	24	106	16.26%
Unus	64	24	88	13.50%
Total	502	150	652	100.00%

House of duchies:

Party	Seats	% of Seats
ADA	3	1.25%
The Left	8	3.33%
IUAC	9	3.75%
PSD	36	15.00%
Liberal Party	30	12.50%
Moderate Party	63	26.25%
Union of Democrats	37	15.42%
Unus	54	22.50%
Total	240	100.00%

Imperial Senate:

Imperial Senate	Seats	% of Seats
Appointed by Guilds/Unions	260	50.68%
Lutheran	25	4.87%
Catholic	25	4.87%
Barons	150	29.24%
Appointed by Dukes/Duchesses	48	9.36%
Appointed by High Duke	5	0.97%
Total	513	100.00%

Ducal Court

Appointed By	Number on Court
High Duke	17
Total	17

Duchy Council Control:

Duchy Council	Governing Coalition	Seats
Cair Para	Mod+UoD+Unus	icon.cat/util/elections/rGBsfGQddg(2022 Results)
Supseaxe	Mod+PSD	icon.cat/util/elections/mHBsFXQdTA (2022 Results)
Westseaxna	Mod+UoD	icon.cat/util/elections/luBswiQdmB(2022 Results)
Baltica	Mod+PSD	icon.cat/util/elections/ZmBsVNQdMR (2022 Results)
Albion	Mod+Unus	icon.cat/util/elections/BBBsKCQdWj(2022 Results)
Doornevale	Unus	icon.cat/util/elections/qPBskaQdJN(2022 Results)
Aranvale	Unus+UoD	icon.cat/util/elections/CkBsrtQdur(2022 Results)
Anastasia City	IUAC+PSD+Moderate+Liberal	2021

History of Government Composition:

Year	Parties in power
1801-1810	Con
1810-1830	Whig
1830-1845	Con
1845-1880	Lib
1855-1880	Con
1880-1890	Mod/Lib
1890-1905	Con
1905-1915	Mod/Lib	First Elections after AV
1915-1925	PSD/WP
1925-1935	Con/Mod
1935-1945	Mod/PSD
1945-1950	Con
1950-1960	Mod/Lib
1960-1965	PSD
1965-1975	Mod
1975-1980	UoD /AoR
1980-1985	PSD/Mod
1985-1990	PSD/Mod/Lib/WP
1990-1995	UoD/Mod/Lib/AoR
1995-2005	Mod/UoD/AoR
2005-2010	PSD/Mod/Lib/WP
2010-2020	Mod/Uod/Lib/AoR
2020-2021	Mod/UoD/Lib/AoR/DCA
2021-2021	Mod/UoD/Lib/AoR	Notes:New composition by party merger
2021-2022	Mod/UoD/Unus/Liberal	Notes:New composition by party merger
2022-Present	Mod/PSD/Lib

Prime Ministers:

Years	Prime Minister	Party	Gender
1801-1810	Henry Addington	Conservative	M
1810-1822	Roman Winfield	Whig	M
1822-1830	Edmund Hunton-Blather	Whig	M
1830-1845	Benjamin Nitzsch	Conservative	M
1845-1868	Harry Lawson	Liberal	M
1868-1880	Reginald Bronson	Liberal	M
1855-1865	Tarquin Mavis	Conservative	M
1865-1869	Hector Godfrey	Conservative	M
1869-1880	Benedict Lockhart	Conservative	M
1880-1890	Joseph Chamberlain	Moderate	M
1890-1905	Quentin Whittaker	Conservative	M
1905-1915	Raphael Sharpe	Moderate	M
1915-1925	Eduard Bernstein	Party of Social Democrats	M
1925-1935	Willi Biggs-Cox	Conservative	M
1935-1945	Mordecai Bell	Moderate	M
1945-1950	Willi Biggs-Cox	Conservative	M
1950-1960	Poppy Franck	Moderate	F
1960-1965	Demi Knight	Party of Social Democrats	F
1965-1975	Hanno Weisz	Moderate	M
1975-1980	Kai Dixon	Union of Democrats	M
1980-1985	Jack Chambers	Party of Social Democrats	M
1985-1990	Matz Schlesinger	Party of Social Democrats	M
1990-1994	Timo Wiener	Union of Democrats	M
1994-1995	Lucas Webb	Union of Democrats	F
1995-1999	Lucas Collins	Moderate	M
1999-2005	Maria Klein-Schmeink	Moderate	F
2005-2010	Angelika Pohl	Party of Social Democrats	F
2010-2020	Mr Terence Fitzcharles	Union of Democrats	M
2020-Present	John Peter Key	Moderate	M

Subnational Divisions United Duchies:
Duchy:The division where most social law is decided with also some economic and public services being run from this layer. This is run by the Duchy Council. Anastasia City has additional powers over immigration with Anastasia unusually being responsible for local services such as garbage collection as well.
Metropolitan Council, Town/City Council or County Council:
This level of authority is responsible for setting local public services policy , running or coordinating local public services such as local transport, health and leisure centres, libraries , emergency services (except policing which is run by seperate local police authorities with their own elected overseer) and education . They also run local social policies are in charge of planning law. Generally they focus on local issues but may also set additional local by laws.

Cabinet and leadership:

Position	Name	Party
High Duke:	High Duke Nikolai III	N/A
Prime minister	John Peter Key	Moderate
Deputy Prime Minister	Summer Hughes	PSD
Foreign Minister	Arron Scott	Liberal
Treasury Minister	Dominic Grant	Moderate
Business and Economy Minister	Nadine Wootton	PSD
Culture Minister	Gerrard Skinner	Moderate
Law and Order Minister	Hugh Walsh	Liberal
Minister of Education	Sacha Renaud	Moderate
Minster of Youth Services	George Botha	Moderate
Minister of Services for Elderly and Vulnerable Adults	Cathleen Cox	PSD
Defence Minister	Bipin Rake	Moderate
Local Government Minister	Preet Gill	PSD
Homeland and Borders Ministry	Randolph Schröter	Moderate
Health Minister	Rosena Allin-Khan	PSD
Minister of Work and Social Security	Isaac Mcmahon	Liberal
Environment and Rural Affairs Minister	Tazawa Saki	Moderate
Transport Minister	Saahir al-Abad	Moderate
Equality and Neurodiversity Minister	Sofia Lichtman	Liberal
Energy and Resources Minister	Adi Silberstein	Moderate
Tourism Minister	Emil Hibbert	PSD
Technology Innovation and Science Minister	Matthew Tucker	Moderate
Justice Minister	Gertraud Vogt	PSD

Government Spending:
Government Spending and responsibility is split between three levels .Spending on Healthcare , Welfare , defense, national transport , loans for Minorities and poorer communities through a government Communities Investment Bank, the environment , Defence , Public Order and Safety and pensions is paid for at a national level . Also at this level is any national bailout programme.

Total Government Spending Income and Debt::

Government Budget:	Euros	%	% of GDP
Social Protection	€921,783,673,523.80	11.50%	5.42%
Aid Budget	€221,276,507,244.21	2.76%	1.30%
Health	€1,795,812,047,714.86	22.40%	10.55%
Public and Social Services	€929,974,096,138.05	11.60%	5.46%
Transport	€761,616,716,664.79	9.50%	4.47%
Education	€1,234,620,782,803.97	15.40%	7.25%
Defence	€276,586,666,666.67	3.45%	1.62%
Public Order and Safety	€368,852,181,432.79	4.60%	2.17%
Environment and Housing	€765,412,499,822.92	9.55%	4.50%
Business ,Science, Industry and Agriculture	€485,618,569,174.49	6.06%	2.85%
Irmgardis City Subsidy	€33,250,000,000.00	0.41%	0.20%
Other	€139,607,252,022.67	1.74%	0.82%
Debt Interest	€82,607,076,946.41	1.03%	0.49%
Total:	€8,017,018,070,155.63	100.00%	47.10%

Budget;

	Euros	% of GDP
Income % of GDP:	€8,068,081,879,519.68	47.40%
Spending % of GDP:	€8,017,018,070,155.63	47.10%
Suplus/Deficit:	€51,063,809,364.05	0.30%
Public Debt	€4,859,239,820,377.16	28.55%

Congestion Charge:
Every city over 150,000 people must implement a congestion charge of at least 8 Euros in its city centre. The charge is meant to discourage driving in eveyy day. There are many cities where there are schemes that allow electric car owners to drive in for 1 day a week after 10:00 with no charge if they register with the local authority their car with proof they live in the city in question and every city allows disabled car owners in free if their condition qualifies for free entry into the city centre.Most big cities charge 15 Euros per day.People living within the zone get a 90% discount on the congestion charge and must also register with the council.
Government responsibilities:
The Duchies governments are responsible for education, regional transport and housing though can fund other schemes if they wish.

The Local authorities are responsible for Local government services including waste management, youth services , marriage registeries, housing and social care for the vulnerable and elderly.They are also responsible for running emergency services including the fire services and police services. Though they can opt to join together to form bigger service areas and most do.This system was introduced in 1946 as a solution to the pensions needed at the time. Pensions before had been provided through welfare associations.This increases with inflation over time.

Economic laws:The country developed into a social market economy. Free entrerprise is allowed but highly regulated for environmental, safety and labour standards with a high minimum wage to protect society and employees there have however been criticisms of the state as a nanny state restricting the economy. Despite this it has been hard to roll back on regulations due to this being seen as pandering to big business and people who suggest it being seen as either paid to say it or being selfish.Indepdendent contractors are required to carry contractor insurance for loss of income and big businesses over 250 employees are required to have at least 33% of the board be employee representitives elected by the employees.

Levels of Government with Primary Responsibilities:
National Government:Defense, Foreign Policy, Economic Policy, National Transport,Welfare,Inter Duchy Policing,Energy, Telecommunications
Duchies Government:Duchy Transport, Social Policy, Healthcare, Education ,Minimum Wage Law, Sport , Duchy Courts and Justice, Policing,Economic Development
Metro Government/County councils:Urban/Regional Transport Services and Infrastructure management, Library's and Museums, Planning,Local Housing,Local ,
Emergency Services,Social Services in Local Region,,Licensing, Registrar Services,Business Support
City/Town Councils:Waste Management,Parks Management,Local Governance,Heritage Protection,Local Issues,Leisure and Recreation Services,Environmental Health,Pest Control (note many county councils combine city/town council powers and metro region powers)
Policing Authority:Policing over police force area run by elected Police and Crime Comissioner

Who can't vote?
The High Duke/Duchess
Anyone who is a member of a noble family or married to a member of the noble families
Anyone who is a member of the Imperial Senate
Anyone who is a employee of the Judiciary
Anyone who is a member of High Ducal Household

Members of Law enforcement and armed forces of United Duchies may vote but may not get involved in any political campaigns, express their views on in the course of their duty , promote any political candidate or join any political campaigning organisation.
Politician Pay:

-	£	Euros	% of Minimum Wage
Minimum Wage as of May 2023	£32,760.00	€50,778.00	100.00%
Duchy First Minister	£114,660.00	€177,723.00	350.00%
MP/House of Duchies/Imperial Senate Pay	£131,040.00	€203,112.00	400.00%
Cabinet Member Pay	£147,420.00	€228,501.00	450.00%
Deputy PM Pay	£155,610.00	€241,195.50	475.00%
PM Pay	£163,800.00	€253,890.00	500.00%

Political spending:

Party	Party Membership	Membership revenue	Donations/Other	Total	Total Spending	Surplus
ADA	6,012	£150,300.00	£28,557.00	£178,857.00	£176,054.00	£2,803.00
The Left	454,234	£11,355,850.00	£2,157,611.50	£13,513,461.50	£44,344,545.00	-£30,831,083.50
IUIC	56,785	£1,419,625.00	£269,728.75	£1,689,353.75	£1,686,005.00	£3,348.75
PSD:	4,634,865	£115,871,625.00	£25,491,757.50	£141,363,382.50	£119,900,000.00	£21,463,382.50
Liberal Party:	4,027,876	£100,696,900.00	£21,146,349.00	£121,843,249.00	£119,900,000.00	£1,943,249.00
Moderate Party:	5,710,987	£142,774,675.00	£41,404,655.75	£184,179,330.75	£147,350,000.00	£36,829,330.75
Union of Democrats:	3,220,987	£80,524,675.00	£20,131,168.75	£100,655,843.75	£125,390,000.00	-£24,734,156.25
Unus	5,631,900	£140,797,500.00	£40,831,275.00	£181,628,775.00	£126,000,620.00	£55,628,155.00
AFD	2,296,756	£57,418,900.00	£16,651,481.00	£74,070,381.00	£66,542,276.00	£7,528,105.00
Total	26,040,402	£593,440,850.00	£151,432,546.25	£819,122,634.25	£751,289,500.00	£67,833,134.25

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Healthcare System
The country operates on a single payer system established in 1919 and developed ever since. As the government of the day worked to deal with the health crisis and increase equality. The single payer healthcare system covers all Hospital, Doctor primary care and Dentist care through a single payer Duchies Health Service system free at the point of care. All doctors surgeries ,hospitals and dentist surgeries are owned by the state and run through healthcare local trusts which are run under a united health trust for each Duchy which set up the local areas of operations usually by city or county. The DHS is funded by the national government with allocations given to Duchies health trusts based on the amount of citizens they have and the cost of providing the services needed. Prescriptions are also universally funded with citizens only required to pay £5 Dux Libra per prescription while being required to pay for any medicine that is over the counter and below this threshold in order to prevent loss of money by paying for £0.30 boxes of tablets such as Paracetamol. Non citizens are expected to pay a insurance cost to access the system with tourists required to show proof of adequate travel, funds or health insurance to cover any emergency care they may require while in the country including enough for air ambulance flights . Care covered includes the following:
1.Essential Healthcare
2.Emergency Healthcare(fines if this or A&E are misused)
3.Non-cosmetic Dental Care essential to oral hygiene
4. Cosmetic surgery to fix damage from accidents and burns
5. Mental Health Support

The main DHS trusts are as follows:

Duchy:	Population	DHS General Grant Per Capita	General DHS Budget
Cair Para DHS	3,322,757	€14,746.41	€48,998,730,357.22
Supseaxe DHS	46,398,964	€13,850.12	€642,631,338,692.73
Westseaxna DHS	26,789,990	€13,389.83	€358,713,466,229.36
Baltica DHS	26,451,462	€13,676.61	€361,766,332,627.37
Albion DHS	3,209,643	€10,462.75	€33,581,685,275.97
Doornevale DHS	4,376,432	€9,452.11	€41,366,531,857.57
Aranvale DHS	3,709,753	€9,463.74	€35,108,125,568.36
Irmgardis City DHS	609,754	€7,510.11	€4,579,320,543.09
Total:	114,868,755	€13,288.56	€1,526,440,240,557.63

Any medical costs come from the main Duchy of residence of individual getting care with costs billed to the appropriate DHS trust.There are funds to help support trusts for poorer duchies to cover costs if they exceed the grant budget.

Cosmetic surgery and elective care such as circumcision that is not medically essential is not covered by the DHS.DHS may also charge if healthcare is determined to have been caused by excess alcohol or drug usage impairing judgement or reckless activity with the law requiring providers of dangerous and risky sports activities to require insurance for any healthcare needed as a result of an accident from the risky sport, this includes sports such as motor racing , sky diving and based jumping. As a result of the public health care system there is fewer private hospitals and insurance companies with less private healthcare take up and what private healthcare there is focuses on elective and cosmetic procedures not covered by the state for the most part.The current major fines exist to deter misuse of DHS services in United Duchies

Citation	Fine in Dux Libra	Fine in Euros
Failure to turn up for appointment more than 3 times (without good cause)	£100.00	€157.00
Doctor/Dentist Appointment misuse(3 strike policy)	£100.00	€157.00
A&E misuse	£200.00	€314.00
Calling 191 for non-emergency	£100.00	€157.00
Misuse of Ambulance	£100.00	€157.00
Injured due to intoxication from Drugs or alcohol	Cost of Treatment	Cost of Treatment
Injured due to extreme sports without insurannce	Cost of Treatment	Cost of Treatment

Immigration
There are three main immigration paths to the Duchies as set out by Duchies law with a 9,100,000 cap in total. These depend on the circumstances of the individual. The first is a humanitarian visa , to qualify for this ones human rights, life or liberty must be in danger as a result of using their basic human rights this includes facing prosecution for being LGBT. The second is a family visa to gain this one must marry a Duchian citizen for citizenship or be the girlfriend or boyfriend of a Duchian citizen or a child of such a person after 5 years of residency one may apply for citizenship and take the citizenship test of the nation. The third path is the work and skills points system. The system works by assigning points for educational degrees and qualifications based on the level equivlent in the United Duchies. The table is below:

Criteria	Points
ECON Nation Citizenship	500
Preferred National Status	200
10 Years experience in essential industry	500
Level 1 Qualification(GCSE B or above Equivalent)	25
Level 2 Qualifications(A Level B grade or above or Equivalent)	50
Level 3 Qualification(Bachelors Degree 2:1 grade or above or Equivalent)	250
Level 4 Qualification(Masters Degree Merit/Commendation or Above or Equivalent)	500
Exceptional Talent or Investment	500
Certified English Speaking Exam	100
Job or Qualification in Skill Shortage Sector	500
Salary Range of £55,000(Approx 86,630 Euros) or above	500
Duchian Ancestry Parent	500
Duchian Ancestry Grand Parent	500

The 4th and final route does not grant one Duchian citizenship but Anastasian which can be converted after 10 years to Duchian citizenship and only entitles one to permanent residency in Anastasia city.These are exempt from the cap and instead set under a cap for Anastasia immigration.Study visas are set under a separate system with the right to work a limited number of hours and some self employment rights but not rights to benefits and one must pay the DHS a fee of £4,000 a year in health insurance which can be covered by a student loan.All non-citizens must also pay £4,000 a year in a National Insurance fee to be eligible and limited to what benefits they can claim.

Study Visas can be granted if one gains a university place with 1,015,000 of these allocated to universities for 2021 season with this figure reviewed yearly base on infrastructure in order to protect local places. Temporary Work Visas are also available and not limited in number but the job must not be able to be done by a Duchian or it be proven the individual is far superior to any Duchian at the job.

Visa Path	Number
Humanitarian	500,000
Family/Skilled Visa	1,500,000
Anastasia Visa	850,000
Temporary Work	No cap but some restrictions
Study Visas	1,011,500

Law and order
Duchies policing is split into Transport Police and Specialist police forces to investigate specific crimes or patrol just transport networks or general police. The general police are split into High Police who help out local police when needed or investigate criminal cases that have took place over multiple areas while local police focus on local policing. Law enforcement and penalties have changed over time though most cases are tried by Trial by Triumvirate of Judeges at a local city or county court. The next highest is the Duchy Court though in Cair Para these are one and the same. The next highest court is High Court which with the highest being the Supreme Court. All have a right to trial by Triumvirate of Judges.

Sentencing is sometimes up to judges discretion based on mitigating factors however certain crimes have fixed minimum sentences by law the main ones are:

Crime	Years in Prision	Parole
Murder	Life	40 Years
Terrorism with intent to take life	Life	No
High Treason:	Life	No
Serial Murder	Life	No
Violent Rape:	30	No
Rape of a minor:	Life	No
Minor Assault(unprovoked attack):	10 Years Suspended	5 Years
Major Assault(unprovoked attack):	10	5 Years
Child Pornography:	25	No
Hate Crime:	10	5 Years
Crimes targeting Vulnerable:	10	5 Years
Manslaughter:	20	10 Years
Attempted Murder:	30	20 Years
Torture:	20	10 Years
Financial Fraud over 5,000 Dux Libra	5	2 Years
Financial Fraud over 25,000 Dux Libra	10	5 Years
Financial Fraud over 100,000 Dux Libra	25	15 Years
Financial Fraud over 1,000,000 Dux Libra	50	25 Years

Exceptions to these minimums are if one can make a deal with the victim or their family or if they offer or take a plea bargain offering information or cooperation.Parole would apply after the period with the highest parole threshold being applicable before a release. The parole would be dependent on convincing a panel of experts and family of the victims or victims you are reformed and justice has been served.

Fines in Duchies:

Standard Fines	Dux Libra
Offense:	1st Time	2nd Time	3rd Time in 1 Year and aftwerwards	Third Time Non-financial Penalty:	Penalty for not paying:	Tourist	1st Time	2nd Time	3rd Time	Notes:
Littering	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Fly-tipping	£100,000.00	£200,000.00	£400,000.00	Public Street Cleaning, seizing of business	5 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€155,000.00	€310,000.00	€620,000.00	N/A
Fly Posting	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year Prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Speeding	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Driving Course	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	Plus 2 Points on License
Reckless Speeding	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	£4,000.00	Prison 5 Years	1 Years Prison	No entry until fines paid	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	€6,200.00	Plus 4 Points on License
Blocking Disabled acccess	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Driving Course	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	Plus 2 Points on License
Ilegally parking in disabled space	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Driving Course	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	Plus 2 Points on License
Illegally parking in EV space	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Driving Course	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	Plus 2 Points on License
Reckless Driving	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Prison 5 Years	1 Year Prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	Plus 4 Points on License
Reckless Riding	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Prison 5 Years	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	Plus 4 Points on License
Spitting on Floor	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Public Defecation	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Feeding Vermin:	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Graffiti	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year Prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Leaving pet poo:	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Smoking outside of Shelters:	£500.00	£1,000.00	£2,000.00	Public Street Cleaning	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	€775.00	€1,550.00	€3,100.00	N/A
Fare Dodging	£100.00	£100.00	£100.00	Public shaming or deportation(for immigrants)	1 Year prison	No entry until fines paid	-	-	-	Or 10 times fare if higher

Note:Fines are these minimums with richer people facing fines of 1% of monthly wage doubling with each subseuent offense of the same type up to 10% if this is greater than the standard fine. The fines will only double or increaese for the same type of offense.
Prison System
The prison system is run by His Majesty High Dukes Prison Service with a mix of prisons. Youth Offenders are seperated from the main 18 + population. There are maximum security prisons called category A+ prisons for the most serious offenders and highest risk including terrorist , rapists and murderers who have a very high likelihood of killing again with these prisons being solitary confinement prisons. The levels of prison are as follows:

Types of Prison	Security Level	Allowed to leave
Category A+	Maximum Security Solitary	No
Category A	High Security	With tag
Category B	Medium Security	With tag
Category C	Lower Security	Yes
Category D	Open	Yes
Remand	Medium Security	With Tag
Disabled Prison(With support for disabilities)	Various	With Tag
Young Offenders Prisons	Lower Security	With Tag
Hospital Prison	High Security	With Tag
Mental Health Units	High Security	With Tag

Prisons by sector

Type of Prison	Total	%
Third Sector Prisons	102	33.90%
Public Run Prisons	200	66.10%
Total	302	33.90%

Prisons are run mostly by the state though some specialst prisons such as prisons focused on specific disabilities or mental health hospitals are outsourced to private providers often charities that are specialists in that area or operated in partnership with such organisations. Solitary confinement is used as a last resort where it is the only option to prevent spread of extremism , protect other prisoners or for protection of the prisoner. This practise has been controversial however.

There are also free labour schemes for community service such as going to help out in delivery of services or helping out in fighting of fires and forest and wild fires on shifts in return for less time on the prison sentence with points given to reduce the sentence on has to serve as an incentive for good behaviour and rehabilitation.

Border Security
The border at all road checkpoints, railway station border facilities and Airports is administered and operated by the Duchies Border Force. A typical process involves your luggage and passport and visa being checked, an iris picture, facial picture and fingerprints took on entry to enter into a visitor profile on the Foreign Visitor Database . The face and iris pictures will be checked against the one on the passport and also checked against any records they have related to that name. The person is assigned a profile number and then chooses whether to allow the information to be stored for 5 years or whether they wish to have to provide the information again in person to be checked. If they allow the data to be stored they may use electronic gates in the future. Certain countries, passengers who have travelled to areas known for traficking potential of drugs or people or passengers placed on the Extra Security Steps list must also do an entry interview with an agent and face extra checks.

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Agriculture:
Agriculture is dominated by unionised farmers and often with small holdings. These join Farmers Unions who barter with the supermarkets and retailers. These Unions tend to try to raise the price and meet at a general annual meeting called Farmers Trading Conference. Here farmers and companies can interface and behind closed doors the Union heads meet to discuss prices for the year ahead with a view to getting the maximum price possible.They also discuss issues such as how to keep out cheap foreign produce or make supermarkets pay higher prices for foreign produce.
Some major Farm Unions are:

Farmer Union	Focus
Duchies Association of Dairy Producers	Dairy
Duchies Agriculture Cooperation Organisation	Agricultural Produce
Livestock Farmers Alliance	Meat , Eggs, Dairy and Livestock Products
Duchies Union for Farmers	Agricultural Produce
Association of Craft Product Producers	Craft Alcohol and foods
Craft Producers Alliance	Craft Alcohol and Foods
Alliance of Meat Producers	Meat
Organic Farmers Alliance	Organic
Duchies Organic Producers Alliance	Organic
Duchies Alliance of Vineyards	Vineyard

Farmers sell through these Unions in order to get the highest price. There are many agricultural products such as Wheat , Dairy, Cheeses, Corn , Sugar Beet Tomatoes , Potatoes and more.At least 40% of agriculture is Organic with a big amount of GMO Low Pesticide and Herbicide agriculture. As a result of the practises in the farming yield can be lower which combined with the pricing control of Farmers Unions results in the average grocery bill being over €8,500 for groceries for an average family per year.

Food and Drink Consumption:

Food	Consumption per Capita(KG per capita)	Consumption Total(KG)	Price per KG Euros	Total Market
Wheat	115.60	12,535,843,873.60	€5.01	€62,804,577,806.74
Potatoes	85.10	9,228,376,415.60	€1.55	€14,303,983,444.18
Rice	29.80	3,231,558,368.80	€11.00	€35,547,142,056.80
Fish	22.30	2,418,246,698.80	€16.10	€38,933,771,850.68
Chicken	29.10	3,155,649,279.60	€9.90	€31,240,927,868.04
Pork	19.40	2,103,766,186.40	€7.90	€16,619,752,872.56
Beef	11.10	1,203,701,271.60	€19.83	€23,869,396,215.83
Lamb	12.20	1,322,986,983.20	€21.20	€28,047,324,043.84
Other Meats	18.30	1,984,480,474.80	€25.40	€50,405,804,059.92
Chocolate	8.05	872,954,525.80	€31.42	€27,428,231,200.64
Tea	3.30	357,857,134.80	€10.11	€3,617,935,632.83
Coffee	1.90	206,038,956.40	€6.09	€1,254,777,244.48
Milk	187.90	20,376,168,372.40	€1.93	€39,326,004,958.732
Cheese	25.60	2,776,103,833.60	€10.19	€28,288,498,064.38
Eggs	15.5	1,680,844,118.00	€3.55	€5,966,996,618.90
Sugar	38.9	4,218,376,528.40	€1.45	€6,116,645,966.18
Tomatoes	24.9	2,700,194,744.40	€4.56	€12,312,888,034.46
Other Veg/Produce	141.35	15,328,213,940.60	€5.08	€77,867,326,818.25
Total:	790.3	85,701,361,706.80	€6.22	€533,089,905,529.96
Total Meat Consumption	90.10	9,770,584,195.60	€15.37	€150,183,205,060.19

Main Supermarkets and Conveniance chains Duchies:
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Economics:
Economy: The United Duchies is based on a tradition of Social Market Economy . The economy is based on the idea of free market capitalism but supported by a high minimum wage , strong regulations on working conditions, worker participation in the decision making process and high minimum wages. The economy is often seen as oligopolistic due to the small number of companies in each industry true to cost of operations. Companies are required to set up a subsidiary with at least 33% workers representation on the board. The vast majority of workers are automatically enrolled in workplace company unions who are a fundamental part of any large company with some companies participating in multi-company unions , these unions also sometimes offer a welfare fund paid into by the company, this would pay out additional money to the compulsory sick pay in the nation if one is sick . They can also help out in times of disaster such as if an employees house is flooded for example , there is a strong paternalistic tradition among employers and bias in the market towards companies with strong worker welfare and environmental standards though some cheaper companies do thrive. However for the most part high environmental standards and workers welfare is compulsory by law with many companies going above the minimum and applying the Duchian standards in other countries too.

Many retailers will be part of minimum buying price alliances set up with the sectors supplying them to ensure all goods can be made profitably at a high standard without a race to the bottom. Sector guilds often bargain with companies to get a minimum price or comprise of companies and organisations working together in order to set a price floor for goods an example of this is the Duchian National Agriculture Alliance which essentially sets minimum prices for most raw food products refusing to sell to supermarkets if they fail to pay the price. This has been criticised as some as cartellish and anti-consumer though proponents argue that since all consumers are also workers in the industries its pro-consumer in that sense protecting their income level. Alot of Duchies companies such as Roscoes will apply these standards and practises abroad too in economies as wide as Fremet, Mennrimiak and Inquista seeing it as a good way to gain business as an ethical retailer or company. Many companies will have companies across many sectors in order to diversify their income streams and protect them from market issues in one market allowing cross subsidisation in times of trouble in one market with profits from a more profitable division though this can lead to very big companies with higher costs overall if not managed well. There are anti-monopoly laws that can stop acquisitions or require divestment if buying companies in a sector if marketshare for the new combined company would be over 35% though this limit would apply to each individual sector allowing one company to have 35% marketshare in many sectors and still be able to buy companies. This has led to a a few big companies and super rich families in the country in a lot of sectors which has reduced competition somewhat.The countries location as canal transit country and zero tariff country with Telum Nations has resulted in a re-export industry developing and thriving as Caspian countries export to Duchies to gain access to tariff free trade in the Southern Association of Nations and also goods are transferred to smaller ships that can go through the canal to go to the Caspian countries.

Currency and Denominations:

Dux Libra Denomination	Form	Value in Euros
£0.10	Coin	€0.15
£0.25	Coin	€0.38
£0.50	Coin	€0.75
£1.00	Coins.	€1.50
£2.00	Note.	€3.00
£5.00	Note	€7.50
£10.00	Note.	€15.00
£20.00	Note.	€30.00
£50.00	Note	€75.00

Equal Tariff and barriers policy
United Duchies has an equal tariff and barriers policy. The country operates on a principle of reciprocal tarriffs and restrictions . This is to create a level playing field for Duchies companies and ensure they aren't unfairly undercut or restricted while allowing other countries companies to have free trade and access to the market. The principle applies to all trade negotiations.
Economy as of January 2023
Gross Domestic Product: €17,021,269,788,016.20
Business Turnover:€39,999,984,001,838.10
GDP per capita:€148,180.15
Median income:€89,648.99
Median Household Income:€103,874.29
Average House Price(3 Bdr):€704,290.72
Average Grocery Bill per Year(Family of 4):€9,122.66
Government Revenue % of GDP :47.40%
Government Revenue:€8,068,081,879,519.68
Government Spending % of GDP:47.10%
Government Spending:€8,017,018,070,155.63
Surplus:€51,063,809,364.05
Debt to GDP %:1.71%
Debt: €290,934,247,772.86
Private Debt To Gdp %:147.00%
Private Debt:€20,048,033,591,626.20
Gross National Saving:21%
GDP Composition by Sector:
Agriculture/Primary:2.98%
Industry:30.22%
Services:66.80%
Employment by Sector:
Agriculture/Primary:3.04%
Industry:13.60%
Services:83.36%
Exports:€8,340,422,196,127.94
Imports:€7,676,592,674,395.31
Net Exports:€663,829,521,732.63
Business Size by Turnover Percent:
Small:34.25%
Medium:16.50%
Large:49.25%
Prominent Industries:Transportation Equipment, Automotive,Green Technology, Pharmaceuticals, Chemicals,Construction Technology(including Pre-Fab Buildings), Machinery, Industrial Materials(Metals, Plastics, Carbon Fibres etc), Aerospace , Defense Industry,Pottery, Tourism , Services, oil and gas,foodstuffs,IT/Software
Disposible Income by Group
Household income by Group %:

Income by Group	%:	Total:	Per household:
Richest 1%:	11.78%	€1,205,068,454,198.01	€3,084,303.70
Richest 10%:	28.17%	€2,881,729,911,269.78	€737,562.27
Lowest 10%	3.62%	€370,318,149,762.04	€94,780.81
Total:	-	€10,229,783,142,597.70	€261,825.44

Tariff Schedules :
Class 0:0%( Telum Treaty,ECON and approved partners)
Class 1:10%
Class 2: 30%
Class 3:80%

HDI: .968
Time Zone: +2
ISO code: UD

Key Tax Rates

Income Tax	Note:These exclude local income taxes	Start Dux Libra Per Person	End Dux Libra Per Person	Star Euros	End Euros
Income Tax	Note:These exclude local income taxes	Start Dux Libra Per Person	End Dux Libra Per Person	Star Euros	End Euros
Tax Free	0.00%	£0.00	£20,900.00	€0.00	€32,395.00
Band 1	14.00%	£20,901.10	£38,500.00	€32,396.71	€59,675.00
Band 2	25.00%	£38,501.10	£82,500.00	€59,676.71	€127,875.00
Band 3	51.00%	£82,501.00	£500,000.00	€127,876.55	€775,000.00
Band 4	61.00%	£1,000,001.00	-	€1,550,001.55	-
DHS and Social Care Tax	3.00%	£20,901.00	-	€32,396.55	-

Anyone earning over £1,500,00.00/€2,250,000 is taxed on all income with no tax free allowance. There is no capital gains tax with capital gains just counted as income

Tax Rates Corporate

Corporation Tax	Rate	Effective Rate with both Tax breaks
Semi-Worker Controlled/SME/Third sector/Cooperatives	15.00%	7.00%
Large Business	25.00%	17.00%
Vat:	15.00%	15.00%
Profitshare Tax Break	4.00%	-
Reinvestment Tax Break	4.00%	-

Air Passenger Duty:

Flight leg length	Economy Class	Premium Classes	Charter Less than 15 per landing/Takeoff
400-2,000 Miles	£90(118.80 Euros)	£255(336.60 Euros)	£2,500(3,300 Euros)
2,001 Miles +	£110(145.20 Euros)	£330(435.60 Euros)	£3,000(3,960 Euros)

Car Tax by Emissions:
Co 2 per km:
0-100 g co2 per km €110.00
101-140 g co2 per km €275.00
141-160g co2 per km €371.25
161-180g co2 per km €501.19
181-200g co2 per km €676.60
201-220 co2 per km €913.41
221-240 co2 per km €1,233.11
241-260 g co 2 per km €1,664.70
261-280 g co 2 per km €2,247.34
281-300g co 2 per km €3,033.91
301g + co 2 per km €4,095.78
Price of Fuels per litre/Cubic Metre:

Fuel	Base Price(€)	Duty(€)	Total Before Sales Tax(€)	Sales Tax(€)	Total Price (€)	% Tax
Petrol(Price per litre)	0.50	1.80	2.30	0.35	2.65	81.83%
Diesel(Price per litre)	0.45	1.70	2.15	0.35	2.50	82.00%
Biofuels Average (Price per Litre)	0.68	0.00	0.68	0.10	0.78	12.82%
Hydrogen(Price per litre)	0.90	0.00	0.90	0.14	1.04	13.46%
Natural Gas(Price per cu m)	0.11	0.05	0.16	0.02	0.18	40.22%
Biogas(average per cu m)	0.09	0.00	0.09	0.01	0.10	10.00%

Cost of Living:

Cost of Living typical Costs:	Cost £	Cost Euro	Live Euro Value
Fast Food meal:	£13.02	€17.96	€20.18
Meal Inexpensive restaurant per person:	£25.31	€34.93	€39.23
Meal Midrange Restuarant per person:	£42.20	€58.24	€65.41
Cost for a Coffee:	£3.33	€4.60	€5.17
Tea:	£2.59	€3.58	€4.02
Cost Pint of Beer:	£5.40	€7.45	€8.37
Wine Bottle:	£12.85	€17.74	€19.92
Soft Drink:	£2.74	€3.79	€4.25
Milk(1 Litre):	£1.54	€2.13	€2.39
Loaf of Bread:	£2.56	€3.53	€3.97
Cheese(1KG):	£20.67	€28.53	€32.05
Potatoes(1KG):	£2.01	€2.78	€3.12
Typical WeeklyGrocery Shop(Family of 4):	£142.37	€196.47	€220.68
Pair of Jeans:	£78.87	€108.85	€122.26
Dress:	£47.27	€65.24	€73.27
Trainers:	£80.61	€111.25	€124.95
TShirt:	£29.40	€40.58	€45.57
Taxi per KM:	£3.62	€5.00	€5.61
One-way Ticket (Local Transport)	£1.00	€1.38	€1.55
Monthly Pass (Regular Price)	£15.00	€20.70	€23.25
Monthly Pass Family(Regular Price)	£37.50	€51.75	€58.13
Rent 3 Bedroom Apartment/House per month:	£2,356.18	€3,251.54	€3,652.09
Average energy Bill per month:	£245.00	€338.10	€379.75
Average House Price(3 bedroom):	£751,243.43	€1,036,715.94	€1,164,427.32
Average price per sq metre for property:	£9,084.73	€12,536.93	€14,081.34
Average price for Family Hatchback Car:	£32,608.70	€45,000.00	€50,543.48
Essential Monthly Living costs:	£3,185.67	€4,396.23	€4,937.79
Essential Annual Living costs:	£38,228.06	€52,754.72	€59,253.49

Tariffs

Country	Tariff Rate
Angleter	10.00%
Brickston	0.00%
California	0.00%
Czech Slavia	10.00%
Duxburian Union	0.00%
Elthize	10.00%
Fontaine	0.00%
Fremet	10.00%
Gadalland and Aspern	10.00%
Ineland	0.00%
Inimicus	0.00%
Inquista	0.00%
Istkalen	10.00%
Kaitsja	10.00%
Leagio	10.00%
Lusitania and Vettonia	10.00%
Hellas	10.00%
Montenbourg	0.00%
Mishar	0.00%
Nofoaga	10.00%
North Diessan	0.00%
Pravoslaviya	10.00%
Reitzmag	0.00%
Ruthund	10.00%
Spain	0.00%
Svarna Surya	80.00%
United Kingdom	10.00%
UNSR	10.00%
Vayinaod	10.00%
Yosai	0.00%

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Working Conditions
Working conditions are considered among the top in Europe in United Duchies . Unionisation rates are high with it being required every worker is at least part of their company unions. Workers also get a big say in how businesses are run with every firm over 250 employees with a physical base in Duchies required to have 33% of the board in Duchies operations be given to workers and union reps though many companies offer 45-50% with a push for this through tax incentives to be upped to 50% . Foreign companies if they set up physical premises must also follow this law and set up a Duchian subsidiary. Though profit sharing is not mandatory many companies offer this and emergency support funds for workers to state competitive to get workers.

Unions:
85% of workers are members of unions largely in part to auto-enrolled membership in Workplace Unions and Welfare Organisations which one can opt out of but few do so since doing so will remove your right to vote on workers reps and leaders who negotiate pay with the company. About 75.3% of workers have additional voluntary Union memberships mostly for benefits like employees insurance , striker pay replacement funds insurance in case of striking as well as legal assistance in disputes with employers. The main unions outside of company unions are as follows:

Union
Duchies Union of Transport Workers
Railway Workers Voice
Retail Workers Union
Union for Postal and Communication Workers
Unite
Union of Performing Arts Workers
Adminstration Workers Union
Union of Public Service Workers
Social and Education Workers Union
Nation Teachers Union
College, University and School Workers Union
National Doctors and Consultants Union
National Nurses Union
Duchies Union of Journalists
National Shipping Workers Union
Union of Service Sector Workers
Union of Agricultural Workers
Colliery Workers Alliance
Duchies Union of Miners
National Industrial Workers Union
Union of Factory Workers
Union of Arts Sector Workers
Food Workers Union
Union of Retail and Service Workers
Public Sector Workers Union
Duchies Association of Dentists
Logistics and Warehouse Workers Union
National Financial Workers Union
Union of Mine and Extraction Workers
Union of Physicians and Medical Professionals
United Energy Workers Union
Utilities and Power Workers Union
United Alliance of Trade Unions

Industrial action is legal though due to union involvement in running companies is rarely needed to be used since to pass proposals at board levels the unions and workers need to be on board. To pass industrial action workers and unions must get 55%+1 of the members in that work place to vote in favour of industrial action with the following types of industrial action being legal:
General Strike
Revenue Strike
Work-to-rule
Slow Down
Overtime ban
Picketing
Labour Withdrawal

Average Salaries:

Sector	Average Gross Salary	Avg gross Yearly Wage Euros
Information and communication technology	£170,438.45	€264,179.60
Financial and insurance activities	£165,433.51	€256,421.94
Professional, scientific, and technical	£158,919.95	€246,325.92
Legal sector	£107,971.01	€167,355.07
Mining and Resource Extraction	£106,950.00	€165,772.50
Armed Forces	£105,086.00	€162,883.30
Arts,Entertainment and Culture	£91,080.12	€141,174.19
Engineering:	£87,365.32	€135,416.25
Security:	£87,047.11	€134,923.02
Consulting:	£86,865.94	€134,642.21
Public Sector	£84,154.38	€130,439.29
Transport	£80,144.93	€124,224.64
Agriculture	£75,401.45	€116,872.25
Education	£74,666.67	€115,733.34
Electrician and Plumbing	£74,205.00	€115,017.75
Human Health and Social Work	£73,639.29	€114,140.90
Construction	£71,907.88	€111,457.21
Manufacturing	£70,541.04	€109,338.61
Administrative and Support Service	£64,070.46	€99,309.21
Leisure, Hospitality ,Accommodation and Food Service	£55,731.16	€86,383.30
Retail	£47,110.12	€73,020.69
Cleaning	£26,666.67	€41,333.34
Fast Food	£26,060.87	€40,394.35
Average All Sectors	£86,585.10	€134,206.91

[BrumBrum]

Non-White Groups Demographics
Distribution by area/type of area:

City	Non-white %	Non-white population	% of Nonwhite	White %:	White Population
Goudadam	40.26%	1,526,035	5.50%	59.74%	2,264,217
Brummagem	54.00%	1,753,824	6.32%	46.00%	1,493,998
Cair Para	33.71%	1,083,786	3.90%	66.29%	2,131,087
Porterdam	41.63%	1,285,570	4.63%	58.37%	1,802,785
Hague	26.90%	779,324	2.81%	73.10%	2,117,832
Hamborg	38.78%	1,025,257	3.69%	61.22%	1,618,681
Flussgelort	21.84%	552,596	1.99%	78.16%	1,977,379
Baltia	38.72%	792,963	2.86%	61.28%	1,254,937
Arthuria	35.06%	552,813	1.99%	64.94%	1,024,174
Irmgardis City	48.73%	297,116	1.07%	51.27%	312,638
Dunpool	27.00%	88,429	0.32%	73.00%	239,080
Westfestung	29.07%	176,819	0.64%	70.93%	431,379
Couentre	31.34%	215,580	0.78%	68.66%	472,198
Ladenses	25.37%	52,736	0.19%	74.63%	155,101
Arrynfort	35.65%	87,495	0.32%	64.35%	157,930
Wulfsberg	24.99%	40,973	0.15%	75.01%	123,011
Arandale City	25.18%	48,863	0.18%	74.82%	145,215
Doornewater	23.53%	44,177	0.16%	76.47%	143,548
Fleetpool	21.34%	32,504	0.12%	78.66%	119,818
Ostend	29.13%	80,876	0.29%	70.87%	196,729
Timworth	26.11%	58,375	0.21%	73.89%	165,199
Bielefeld	21.42%	132,391	0.48%	78.58%	485,706
Kiel	31.66%	204,156	0.74%	68.34%	440,640
Wuppertal	22.06%	140,665	0.51%	77.94%	496,900
Karlsruhe	22.84%	72,884	0.26%	77.16%	246,269
Oberhauesen	29.49%	68,784	0.25%	70.51%	164,457
Sheafford	30.82%	53,462	0.19%	69.18%	119,985
Brycgstow	26.10%	84,604	0.30%	73.90%	239,584
Brighthemston	28.84%	88,218	0.32%	71.16%	217,641
Snotingaham	28.91%	147,411	0.53%	71.09%	362,465
Derventio	27.80%	92,089	0.33%	72.20%	239,165
Milton Keynes	24.74%	59,352	0.21%	75.26%	180,547
Souhamwic	26.59%	70,987	0.26%	73.41%	195,958
Eindtrent	28.39%	99,058	0.36%	71.61%	249,869
Gronhem	26.39%	69,991	0.25%	73.61%	195,241
Fentown	23.33%	68,615	0.25%	76.67%	225,504
Stoc-on-Trent	34.41%	133,018	0.48%	65.59%	253,549
Weogorna	33.56%	102,773	0.37%	66.44%	203,431
Rovescester	24.28%	68,329	0.25%	75.72%	213,067
Leyden	32.81%	78,626	0.28%	67.19%	161,040
Little Bonn	21.42%	51,783	0.19%	78.58%	189,916
Telford	24.02%	45,288	0.16%	75.98%	143,224
Münster	19.01%	33,960	0.12%	80.99%	144,716
Saaleburg	22.80%	40,640	0.15%	77.20%	137,593
Total	34.42%	12,542,558	45.18%	65.58%	23,853,405
Other Urban Areas:	24.73%	14,110,284	50.82%	75.27%	42,956,280
Total Urban:	28.50%	26,652,842	96.00%	71.50%	66,809,685
Rural	5.20%	1,110,535	4.00%	94.80%	20,255,053

Make up of Minority Groups:

Group	Number	% of Minority Groups	% of total Population
Jewish	7,652,802	27.56%	6.66%
Mixed Race	4,570,683	16.46%	3.98%
Svarnan	3,030,637	10.92%	2.64%
Gaddaland Aspern(Sertian and Aspern)	2,094,808	7.55%	1.82%
Duxburian	2,044,664	7.36%	1.78%
Yosainese	1,638,182	5.90%	1.43%
Other	6,731,601	24.25%	5.86%

[BrumBrum]

Crime Rates:

Population	114,868,755	-
Crimes	Crimes Reported	Per Hundred Thousand
Harassment	470,422	409.53
Minor Assualt	207,798	180.90
Major Assualt	103,956	90.50
Assualt with a weapon	98,245	85.53
Domestic Assualt	1,150,985	1,002.00
Robbery	61,914	53.90
Kidnap	517	0.45
Terrorism with intent to kill	322	0.28
Hate Crimes	260,756	227.00
Murder	1,264	1.10
Attempted Murder	3,331	2.90
Sexual Crimes	317,497	276.40
Motor Vehicle Thefts	102,823	89.51
Burglury	116,247	101.20
Theft	1,893,450	1,648.36
Fraud	4,098,347	3,567.85
Computer misuse	1,092,834	951.38
Violent Crime Rate	2,206,263	1,920.68
	*Each invidual occurrence counted as seperate crime

[BrumBrum]

Countries in Duchies Customs and Borders Pre-Clearance Programme

Country	Duchies Pre-Clearance Facilities	Pre-clearance facilities in Duchies
Reitzmag	Y	Y
Yosai	Y	Y
Mishar	Y	Y
Kingdom of Sertia	Y	Y
Duxburian Union	Y	Y
Inquista	Y	Y

[BrumBrum]

Marketshare Key Markets

Fastfood and Cafes

Fastfood Chains/Bakeries/Cafes	Country of Origin	Store Count	% of Stores	Marketshare	Revenue	Revenue per Store	Rank
Caffe Nero	United Duchies	3,099	1.26%	3.97%	€8,966,075,891.05	€2,893,215.84	1
Tchibo	United Duchies	2,889	1.17%	3.18%	€7,169,893,124.89	€2,481,790.63	2
Buns in the Oven	United Duchies	5,890	2.39%	2.93%	€6,608,101,302.04	€1,121,918.73	3
Roscoes Cafe	United Duchies	2,248	0.91%	2.67%	€6,021,427,877.76	€2,678,571.12	4
Greggs	United Kingdom	4,567	1.86%	2.60%	€5,877,630,400.72	€1,286,978.41	5
Coffee Fellows	United Duchies	2,453	1.00%	2.38%	€5,384,404,994.01	€2,195,028.53	6
Edeka Caffe	United Duchies	1,789	0.73%	2.13%	€4,799,335,066.67	€2,682,691.49	7
Kochlöffel	United Duchies	2,212	0.90%	2.08%	€4,697,126,700.00	€2,123,475.00	8
Eat4Less	United Duchies	3,124	1.27%	2.07%	€4,681,120,222.62	€1,498,437.97	9
Der große Wiener	United Duchies	2,456	1.00%	1.84%	€4,159,156,539.71	€1,693,467.65	10
Hole Lot in a Toad	United Duchies	2,097	0.85%	1.81%	€4,085,341,285.20	€1,948,183.73	11
Vapiano	United Duchies	1,670	0.68%	1.70%	€3,838,912,500.00	€2,298,750.00	12
FEBO	United Duchies	1,856	0.75%	1.54%	€3,482,702,336.00	€1,876,456.00	13
Steinecke	United Duchies	1,976	0.80%	1.48%	€3,334,567,184.00	€1,687,534.00	14
Birds	United Duchies	1,789	0.73%	1.39%	€3,149,117,240.67	€1,760,266.76	15
Ditsch	United Duchies	1,670	0.68%	1.35%	€3,038,429,704.95	€1,819,418.99	16
Big Johns	United Duchies	1,656	0.67%	1.28%	€2,893,783,410.35	€1,747,453.75	17
Pret	United Kingdom	1,099	0.45%	1.22%	€2,752,982,759.87	€2,504,988.86	18
Damascena	United Duchies	1,101	0.45%	1.21%	€2,732,451,481.66	€2,481,790.63	19
Wingstop	California	1,099	0.45%	1.14%	€2,579,232,110.00	€2,346,890.00	20
Kamps	United Duchies	1,567	0.64%	1.14%	€2,578,725,715.00	€1,645,645.00	21
Burgerme	United Duchies	2,309	0.94%	1.13%	€2,553,723,983.00	€1,105,987.00	22
Sophies	United Duchies	1,497	0.61%	1.09%	€2,468,227,026.47	€1,648,782.25	23
Costa	United Kingdom	924	0.38%	1.06%	€2,394,083,091.33	€2,590,999.02	24
Old Naans	United Duchies	1,173	0.48%	1.05%	€2,366,093,494.34	€2,017,130.00	25
Der Beck	United Duchies	1,322	0.54%	1.04%	€2,358,757,348.00	€1,784,234.00	26
The Tea Pot	United Duchies	1,019	0.41%	1.00%	€2,251,308,738.75	€2,209,331.44	27
Vivenzmurr	United Duchies	978	0.40%	0.97%	€2,185,589,412.00	€2,234,754.00	28
Wimpy	United Kingdom	899	0.37%	0.96%	€2,163,280,124.73	€2,406,318.27	29
Dosa Dens	United Duchies	1,099	0.45%	0.87%	€1,957,559,365.82	€1,781,218.71	30
Five Guys	California	684	0.28%	0.76%	€1,720,606,001.40	€2,515,505.85	31
Quackers	Selvaris	630	0.26%	0.69%	€1,555,105,154.40	€2,468,420.88	33
Sainsburys Cafe	United Duchies	809	0.33%	0.71%	€1,607,914,197.00	€1,987,533.00	32
The Big Sausage	United Duchies	899	0.37%	0.64%	€1,446,891,705.17	€1,609,445.72	34
YoYu	United Duchies	1,321	0.54%	0.63%	€1,411,127,642.43	€1,068,226.83	35
Dean and David	United Duchies	1,431	0.58%	0.62%	€1,397,275,623.00	€976,433.00	36
Subway	California	1,935	0.79%	0.61%	€1,367,899,139.70	€706,924.62	37
Panda Express	California	786	0.32%	0.60%	€1,353,677,739.66	€1,722,236.31	38
Coffee 1	United Duchies	523	0.21%	0.52%	€1,178,927,337.09	€2,254,163.17	39
Smullers	United Duchies	689	0.28%	0.51%	€1,155,063,715.00	€1,676,435.00	40
Patisserie Valerie	United Duchies	378	0.15%	0.50%	€1,124,544,469.86	€2,974,985.37	41
Harris and Hoole	United Duchies	489	0.20%	0.49%	€1,103,155,934.24	€2,255,942.61	42
Espresso House	United Duchies	498	0.20%	0.48%	€1,091,573,276.58	€2,191,914.21	43
Julios Pizzeria	Selvaris	345	0.14%	0.47%	€1,059,913,857.60	€3,072,214.08	44
Wendys	California	526	0.21%	0.46%	€1,045,494,958.00	€1,987,633.00	45
Burger King	California	402	0.16%	0.45%	€1,008,225,834.93	€2,508,024.47	46
Baskin Robins	California	1,098	0.45%	0.42%	€946,270,015.20	€861,812.40	47
Dixy Chicken	United Duchies	975	0.40%	0.41%	€923,477,270.63	€947,156.18	48
Sam's Chicken	United Kingdom	833	0.34%	0.40%	€904,980,462.96	€1,086,411.12	49
Harry Ramsden's	United Kingdom	785	0.32%	0.40%	€898,862,381.70	€1,145,047.62	50
Wimpy	United Kingdom	670	0.27%	0.39%	€890,413,920.00	€1,328,976.00	51
Bagels & Beans	United Duchies	412	0.17%	0.39%	€884,986,529.49	€2,148,025.56	52
Southern Fried Chicken	United Kingdom	876	0.36%	0.38%	€867,337,249.14	€990,111.02	53
AH Caffe	United Duchies	742	0.30%	0.38%	€855,714,486.42	€1,153,316.25	54
Taco Bell	California	837	0.34%	0.38%	€853,749,190.26	€1,020,010.98	55
Jumbo Caffe	United Duchies	366	0.15%	0.34%	€770,891,773.05	€2,106,261.68	57
Spadi Cafe	Inquista	535	0.22%	0.37%	€844,847,059.06	€1,579,621.28	56
Tesco Cafe	United Kingdom	409	0.17%	0.34%	€767,789,587.40	€1,877,236.16	58
Supercaffe	Selvaris	340	0.14%	0.33%	€736,890,187.20	€2,167,324.08	59
Mums	Selvaris	453	0.18%	0.31%	€702,667,905.84	€1,551,143.28	60
Leon Restaurants	United Kingdom	437	0.18%	0.31%	€690,017,319.00	€1,578,987.00	61
Morrisons Cafe	United Kingdom	399	0.16%	0.30%	€674,474,457.83	€1,690,412.18	62
Reyali Cafe	Brickston	400	0.16%	0.28%	€635,677,226.45	€1,590,117.26	63
M&S Cafe	United Kingdom	411	0.17%	0.28%	€624,576,758.14	€1,519,754.85	64
Waitrose Cafe	United Kingdom	329	0.13%	0.27%	€616,485,871.66	€1,873,773.60	65
AC Restaurants	United Duchies	219	0.09%	0.26%	€594,093,126.00	€2,712,754.00
Peet's Coffee	California	310	0.13%	0.26%	€582,887,661.11	€1,880,282.78	67
Muffin Break	United Kingdom	276	0.11%	0.25%	€574,491,452.52	€2,081,490.77	68
Morley's	United Kingdom	158	0.06%	0.17%	€380,539,040.52	€2,408,474.94	69
Gail's	United Kingdom	109	0.04%	0.11%	€250,189,877.82	€2,295,319.98	70
Other	_	167,701	68.18%	39.98%	€90,270,172,265.91	€538,279.02	-
Total:	_	245,964	100.00%	100.00%	€225,763,051,077.00	€917,870.30	-

Casual Restaurants/Pubs:

Pub/Casual Restaurant Groups	Pubs	% of Pubs/Bars	Revenue per restaurant/Pub	Revenue	% of Revenue
7 Hops Becks	3,264	3.81%	€4,950,396.86	€16,158,095,364.10	6.21%
United Hops	2,956	3.45%	€4,810,657.82	€14,220,304,527.74	5.46%
Heineken	2,789	3.26%	€4,478,904.86	€12,491,665,665.70	4.80%
Wetherspoons	2,421	2.83%	€5,719,006.94	€13,845,715,811.42	5.32%
Great Tits Brewery	2,089	2.44%	€4,945,274.21	€10,330,677,820.51	3.97%
Marstons	1,745	2.04%	€5,600,841.12	€9,773,467,754.40	3.76%
M&B	1,645	1.92%	€4,685,923.87	€7,708,344,769.44	2.96%
Punch Taverns	1,306	1.53%	€5,995,535.62	€7,830,169,514.50	3.01%
Nandos	856	1.00%	€6,696,303.26	€5,732,035,593.98	2.20%
Greene King	1,107	1.29%	€4,811,452.13	€5,326,277,505.70	2.05%
Stars Pubs and Bars	896	1.05%	€4,915,552.32	€4,404,334,878.72	1.69%
Applebees	341	0.40%	€6,514,419.74	€2,221,417,132.70	0.85%
PizzaExpress	457	0.53%	€4,432,464.29	€2,025,636,179.62	0.78%
The Restaurant Group	646	0.75%	€3,043,885.82	€1,966,350,242.30	0.76%
Johnny Rockets	287	0.34%	€5,059,885.82	€1,452,187,231.49	0.56%
Eds Easy Diner	226	0.26%	€6,246,864.29	€1,411,791,329.09	0.54%
Vapiano	210	0.25%	€5,400,813.60	€1,134,170,856.00	0.44%
Chipotle	198	0.23%	€5,203,265.76	€1,030,246,620.48	0.40%
Other/Independent	62,193	72.63%	€2,269,721.49	€141,160,788,779.11	54.25%
Total	85,632	100.00%	€3,038,860.21	€260,223,677,577.00	100.00%

Total Spent Eating/Drinking out

Segment	Per capita spend	Per week
Fastfood Chains/Bakeries/Cafes	€1,965.40	€37.80
Casual Dining	€2,265.40	€43.57
Total:	€4,230.80	€81.36

Telecommunications:
Mobile:

Mobile Company	%	Owner	Sim Subscriptions	MVNO:	Signal Provider
Roscoes Mobile	20.30%	Roscoes Media	56,197,241	N	Roscoes Mobile
EE(DT)	16.10%	DT	44,570,226	N	EE
Vodafone	15.20%	Vodafone	42,078,722	N	Vodafone
O2	14.70%	Telefonica	40,694,554	N	O2
T-Mobile	11.60%	Telecable	32,112,709	N	T-Mobile
Purple Mobile	9.20%	Purple Group	25,468,700	Y	O2
Innova Wireless	6.70%	OgoInnova	18,547,858	N	Innova Wireless
Others:	6.20%	-	17,163,689	Y	-
Total:	-	-	276,833,700	-	-

ISP:

ISP:	% of Homes	Homes with ISP	Owner	Technology	Line provider(Fixed Line)
Roscoes Fiber	20.50%	6,537,589	Roscoes Media	Fixed Line	Roscoes Fiber
DT	15.80%	5,038,727	DT	Fixed Line	Open Reach
O2	15.50%	4,943,055	Telefonica	Fixed Line	Open Reach
Telecable	13.40%	4,273,351	Telecable	Fixed Line	Telecable
Purplenet	12.00%	3,826,881	Purple Group	Fixed Line	Open Reach
Ziggo	11.90%	3,794,991	Vodafone	Fixed Line	Open Reach
Innovatech	7.10%	2,264,238	OgoInnova	Fixed Line	Innovatech
Other:	3.80%	1,211,846	-	-	Open Reach
Total	100.00%	31,890,678	-	-	-

Pay TV

Pay TV Provider	Type	Owner	%	Pay TV Packages	Freeview Packages	Total Households	% Pay Subscriptions
Roscoes Media	Cable	Roscoes Media	45.35%	5,729,776	284,806	6,014,582	95.26%
Telecable	Cable	Telecable	25.60%	3,234,449	184,232	3,418,681	94.61%
DT Vision	IPTV	DT	10.10%	1,276,091	2,593,651	3,869,742	32.98%
Ziggo	IPTV	Vodafone	9.80%	1,238,188	1,547,336	2,785,523	44.45%
OgoTV	IPTV	OgoInnova	8.70%	1,099,207	644,256	1,743,463	63.05%
Other:	IPTV	-	0.45%	56,856	410,917	467,772	12.15%
Total:	-	-	100.00%	12,634,567	5,665,197	18,299,764	69.04%

Fiber Providers:

Fibre Provider	Connections Active	% of Connections	Owner
Open Reach	11,336,179	35.55%	O2 , Vodafone and DT
Roscoes Fiber	6,537,589	20.50%	Roscoes Fiber
Telecable	4,273,351	13.40%	Telecable
Innovatech	2,264,238	7.10%	OgoInnova
Total:	31,890,678	100.00%	-

[BrumBrum]

Retail and Groceries
Supermarkets and Variety Stores

Grocery/Retail Chain/Website	Owner	Marketshare	Grocery Revenue	Grocery Marketshare	Grocery %	Revenue:	Stores
Roscoes	Roscoes	14.94%	€57,510,472,747.41	12.34%	43.37%	€132,603,971,936.00	2,248
Roscoes Express	Roscoes	1.07%	€7,238,835,386.89	1.55%	76.50%	€9,462,529,917.50	2,235
Aldi	Aldi	4.66%	€34,763,571,277.79	7.46%	84.10%	€41,335,994,385.00	2,709
Lidl	Schwarz Group	2.54%	€18,511,188,331.10	3.97%	82.10%	€22,547,123,424.00	1,568
Kaufland	Schwarz Group	2.70%	€19,203,128,977.39	4.12%	80.10%	€23,973,943,792.00	976
Sainsburys	Tengelmenn Group	3.49%	€22,713,089,156.11	4.87%	73.30%	€30,986,479,067.00	809
Breuninger	Tengelmenn Group	0.78%	€379,946,966.30	0.08%	5.50%	€6,908,126,660.00	94
Woolworth	Tengelmenn Group	0.97%	€844,441,006.08	0.18%	9.80%	€8,616,744,960.00	716
OneBeyond	Tengelmenn Group	0.82%	€568,137,460.80	0.12%	7.80%	€7,283,813,600.00	1,120
Argos	Tengelmenn Group	0.79%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€7,012,046,000.00	809
Müller	Tengelmenn Group	0.69%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€6,109,864,680.00	1,567
Norma	Tengelmenn Group	0.79%	€5,837,599,587.53	1.25%	83.10%	€7,024,788,914.00	1,342
Spadi	Spadi	3.19%	€15,145,666,334.61	3.25%	53.43%	€28,345,168,233.25	535
Spadi Local	Spadi	0.77%	€5,527,807,501.38	1.19%	81.12%	€6,814,757,784.62	3,050
Amazon	Amazon	2.92%	€1,269,503,976.97	0.27%	4.90%	€25,908,244,427.93	-
Coop	Coop Group	2.51%	€14,934,339,079.97	3.20%	67.16%	€22,237,085,936.00	2,444
Co-Op Pharmacy	Coop Group	0.57%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€5,099,678,698.00	3,456
Coop Local	Coop Group	1.17%	€8,134,159,581.60	1.74%	78.00%	€10,428,409,720.00	4,523
Premier Stores	Coop Group	0.66%	€4,440,651,985.55	0.95%	75.50%	€5,881,658,259.00	6,023
Nisa	Coop Group	0.51%	€3,576,998,669.11	0.77%	78.60%	€4,550,888,892.00	4,598
REWE	REWE	2.47%	€15,673,239,828.68	3.36%	71.52%	€21,915,875,536.86	1,371
Penny	REWE	0.82%	€6,190,742,728.59	1.33%	84.70%	€7,309,023,292.31	1,621
DA	REWE	0.39%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€3,456,743,886.00	1,543
Simply Local	REWE	0.45%	€3,192,621,334.96	0.68%	80.34%	€3,973,975,858.90	2,277
Albert Heijn	AH Group	2.40%	€15,955,461,657.74	3.42%	74.93%	€21,293,271,656.49	742
Albert Heijn City	AH Group	0.81%	€5,744,662,414.79	1.23%	80.41%	€7,144,644,148.72	2,131
Etos	AH Group	0.76%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€6,789,456,788.00	1,123
HEMA	AH Group	0.42%	€440,954,778.58	0.09%	11.90%	€3,705,502,341.00	809
Edeka	Edeka Group	2.35%	€16,673,145,943.61	3.58%	79.80%	€20,893,666,596.00	1,789
Netto	Edeka Group	1.03%	€7,882,883,397.80	1.69%	85.90%	€9,176,814,200.00	1,678
Tesco	Tesco	2.26%	€12,917,240,800.90	2.77%	64.46%	€20,040,035,987.00	409
Londis	Tesco	0.21%	€1,691,801,059.63	0.36%	90.10%	€1,877,692,630.00	3,410
Budgens	Tesco	0.20%	€1,527,986,165.70	0.33%	87.80%	€1,740,303,150.00	2,230
Costcutter	Tesco	0.21%	€1,609,725,340.18	0.35%	86.05%	€1,870,705,575.00	1,873
Tesco Express	Tesco	0.13%	€946,853,640.91	0.20%	82.35%	€1,149,851,712.00	302
One Stop	Tesco	0.09%	€690,777,494.70	0.15%	84.35%	€818,983,484.00	389
Otto Group	Otto Group	1.83%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€16,258,021,582.10	-
Jumbo	JHB Group	1.52%	€9,306,115,941.41	2.00%	69.20%	€13,448,144,424.00	366
Farmfoods	JHB Group	0.71%	€5,887,552,397.38	1.26%	93.04%	€6,328,075,429.40	935
Kruidvat	JHB Group	0.66%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€5,876,532,130.00	709
Home Bargains	JHB Group	0.51%	€1,169,262,051.33	0.25%	25.60%	€4,567,429,888.00	896
Kwik Save	JHB Group	0.55%	€4,363,313,805.95	0.94%	90.20%	€4,837,376,725.00	2,305
Simply Fresh	JHB Group	0.45%	€3,443,038,085.09	0.74%	86.70%	€3,971,208,864.00	3,208
Action	JHB Group	0.34%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€3,005,053,737.00	721
B&M	B&M Globus	1.91%	€14,575,248,957.34	3.13%	86.07%	€16,934,219,750.00	1,435
Heron	B&M Globus	0.43%	€3,600,669,981.54	0.77%	94.07%	€3,827,620,092.55	1,390
Globus	B&M Globus	1.60%	€8,869,210,578.63	1.90%	62.58%	€14,172,184,770.63	404
TK Maxx	Amalgamated Retail Brands	0.65%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€5,801,319,648.00	758
Alsterhaus	Amalgamated Retail Brands	0.63%	€371,808,153.16	0.08%	6.60%	€5,633,456,866.00	112
De Bijenkorf	Amalgamated Retail Brands	0.42%	€206,990,123.40	0.04%	5.50%	€3,763,456,789.00	34
DM-drogerie markt	DM-drogerie markt	1.35%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€11,987,456,797.00	4,003
Rossmann	Rossmann	1.31%	€4,047,540,380.89	0.87%	34.90%	€11,597,536,908.00	3,409
Reyali	Reyali	1.30%	€7,259,809,745.56	1.56%	63.13%	€11,499,041,178.49	400
Supershop	Supershop	1.15%	€8,901,365,797.60	1.91%	87.20%	€10,207,988,300.00	340
M&S	M&S	1.13%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€10,067,854,567.00	378
M&S Food	M&S	0.75%	€6,030,716,985.06	1.29%	91.15%	€6,616,589,506.73	411
Morrisons	Morrisons	1.08%	€7,017,470,484.10	1.51%	72.98%	€9,615,803,442.00	399
Morrisons Daily	Morrisons	0.29%	€2,159,776,337.94	0.46%	82.65%	€2,613,047,252.45	1,565
Duxstretcher	Poundstretcher Group	1.04%	€6,235,981,573.32	1.34%	67.80%	€9,197,612,940.00	1,011
Duxland	Poundland	0.98%	€6,174,064,406.81	1.32%	70.90%	€8,708,130,334.00	1,279
Galeria Karstadt Kaufhof	Signa	0.95%	€935,867,049.15	0.20%	11.10%	€8,431,234,677.00	66
Boots	Boots	0.90%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€8,012,688,600.00	2,009
Superdrug	Superdrug	0.80%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€7,123,457,807.00	1,788
John Lewis	John Lewis	0.91%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€8,076,422,854.00	144
Waitrose	John Lewis	0.78%	€6,252,266,510.92	1.34%	90.55%	€6,905,103,584.05	329
Wilko	CDS Superstores	0.76%	€4,622,544,047.34	0.99%	68.90%	€6,709,062,478.00	986
The Range	CDS Superstores	0.23%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€2,073,576,020.00	340
House of Fraser	Fraser Group	0.79%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€6,985,677,853.00	78
Peek & Cloppenburg	Peek & Cloppenburg	0.72%	€700,156,790.87	0.15%	10.90%	€6,423,456,797.00	206
Spar	Spar	0.61%	€5,158,172,041.42	1.11%	95.10%	€5,424,064,653.77	569
Spar Local	Spar	0.55%	€3,947,730,121.18	0.85%	81.20%	€4,861,483,260.37	1,973
Mediq	Mediq Pharmacy Group	0.60%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€5,367,890,506.00	3,899
Numark	Numark Pharmacy Group	0.45%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€4,032,345,670.00	3,607
Browns Pharmacy	Browns Pharmacy	0.44%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€3,901,456,795.00	4,122
Iceland	Iceland	0.43%	€3,439,430,555.85	0.74%	90.31%	€3,808,385,820.73	803
Swift	Iceland	0.50%	€3,621,249,074.30	0.78%	81.79%	€4,427,422,254.98	3,337
Very	Very Group	0.00%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€4,362,910,279.85	-
Littlewoods	Very Group	0.00%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€3,717,269,653.37	-
LuLa	Lula	0.27%	€2,212,496,086.45	0.47%	92.02%	€2,404,283,977.73	312
Pak Supermarkets	Pak Supermarkets	0.27%	€2,260,638,413.92	0.48%	96.10%	€2,352,381,284.00	421
Shufersal	Shufersal	0.16%	€1,299,932,540.28	0.28%	93.87%	€1,384,867,571.18	454
LloydsPharmacy	LloydsPharmacy	0.14%	€0.00	0.00%	0.00%	€1,243,257,540.00	1,456
Wing Yip	Wing Yip	0.10%	€825,998,691.34	0.18%	95.90%	€861,312,504.00	156
Day Inn	Day Inn Group	0.09%	€787,379,615.02	0.17%	95.10%	€827,949,122.00	143
Other	-	3.49%	€18,763,718,345.82	4.02%	60.55%	€30,986,532,468.00	19,078
Total:	-	100.00%	€466,185,150,283.71	100.00%	80.83%	€887,527,522,080.95	137,260

Major Chains: 81
Store Group Revenue in General Sector

Store Group	Year of Founding	Country	Grocery Revenue	Grocery Marketshare	Overall Revenue	Overall Marketshare	Stores	Rank	Marketshare Gap
Roscoes	1849	United Duchies	€64,749,308,134.30	13.89%	€142,066,501,853.50	16.01%	4,483	1	10.77%
Tengelmenn Group	1863	United Duchies	€30,343,214,176.83	6.51%	€73,941,863,881.00	8.33%	6,457	2	3.60%
Schwarz Group	1937	United Duchies	€37,714,317,308.50	8.09%	€46,521,067,216.00	5.24%	2,544	3	0.58%
JHB Group	1923	United Duchies	€24,169,282,281.15	5.18%	€42,033,821,197.40	4.74%	9,140	4	0.35%
Aldi	1931	United Duchies	€34,763,571,277.79	7.46%	€41,335,994,385.00	4.66%	2,709	5	0.46%
AH Group	1882	United Duchies	€22,141,078,851.11	4.75%	€38,932,874,934.20	4.39%	3,682	6	0.26%
Coop Group	1846	United Duchies	€26,645,497,330.68	5.72%	€37,216,384,548.00	4.19%	21,044	7	0.14%
REWE	1927	United Duchies	€25,056,603,892.23	5.37%	€36,655,618,574.08	4.13%	6,811	8	0.17%
Edeka Group	1907	United Duchies	€28,996,681,326.95	6.22%	€35,952,139,055.00	4.05%	3,467	9	0.11%
Spadi	1948	Inquista	€20,673,473,835.99	4.43%	€35,159,926,017.87	3.96%	3,585	10	0.86%
B&M Globus	1978	UK/UD	€27,045,129,517.52	5.80%	€34,934,024,613.19	3.94%	3,229	11	1.02%
Tesco	1919	UK	€19,384,384,502.02	4.16%	€27,497,572,538.00	3.10%	8,613	12	1.22%
Amazon	1994	California	€1,269,503,976.97	0.27%	€25,908,244,427.93	2.92%	-	13	1.09%
M&S	1884	UK	€6,030,716,985.06	1.29%	€16,684,444,073.73	1.88%	789	14	0.17%
Otto Group	1949	United Duchies	€0.00	0.00%	€16,258,021,582.10	1.83%	-		0.14%
Amalgamated Retail Brands	1986	United Duchies	€578,798,276.55	0.12%	€15,198,233,303.00	1.71%	904	16	0.33%
John Lewis	1864	UK	€6,252,266,510.92	1.34%	€14,981,526,438.05	1.69%	473	17	0.34%
Morrisons	1899	UK	€9,177,246,822.04	1.97%	€12,228,850,694.45	1.38%	1,964	18	0.07%
DM-drogerie markt	1973	United Duchies	€0.00	0.00%	€11,987,456,797.00	1.35%	4,003	19	0.06%
Rossmann	1972	United Duchies	€4,047,540,380.89	0.87%	€11,597,536,908.00	1.31%	3,409	20	0.15%
Reyali	1958	Brickston	€7,259,809,745.56	1.56%	€11,499,041,178.49	1.30%	400	21	0.15%
Spar	1932	United Duchies	€9,105,902,162.60	1.95%	€10,285,547,914.13	1.16%	2,541	22	0.12%
Supershop	1929	Selvaris	€8,901,365,797.60	1.91%	€10,207,988,300.00	1.15%	340	23	0.16%
Poundstretcher Group	1981	UK	€6,235,981,573.32	1.34%	€9,197,612,940.00	1.04%	1,011	24	0.06%
CDS Superstores	1989	UK	€4,622,544,047.34	0.99%	€8,782,638,498.00	0.99%	1,326	25	0.04%
Poundland	1990	UK	€6,174,064,406.81	1.32%	€8,708,130,334.00	0.98%	1,279	26	0.05%
Galeria Karstadt Kaufhof	1879	United Duchies	€935,867,049.15	0.20%	€8,431,234,677.00	0.95%	66	27	0.04%
Iceland	1970	UK	€7,060,679,630.15	1.51%	€8,235,808,075.71	0.93%	4,140	28	0.03%
Very Group	2005	UK	€0.00	0.00%	€8,080,179,933.22	0.91%	-	29	0.11%
Boots	1849	UK	€0.00	0.00%	€8,012,688,600.00	0.90%	2,009	30	0.12%
Superdrug	1964	UK	€0.00	0.00%	€7,123,457,807.00	0.80%	1,788	31	0.08%
Fraser Group	1982	UK	€0.00	0.00%	€6,985,677,853.00	0.79%	78	32	0.18%
Peek & Cloppenburg	1900	United Duchies	€700,156,790.87	0.15%	€6,423,456,797.00	0.72%	206	33	0.27%
Mediq Pharmacy Group	1899	United Duchies	€0.00	0.00%	€5,367,890,506.00	0.60%	3,899	34	0.17%
Numark Pharmacy Group	1949	UK	€0.00	0.00%	€4,032,345,670.00	0.45%	3,607	35	0.18%
Browns Pharmacy	1979	United Duchies	€0.00	0.00%	€3,901,456,795.00	0.44%	4,122	36	0.28%
Lula	1995	United Duchies	€2,212,496,086.45	0.47%	€2,404,283,977.73	0.27%	312	37	0.13%
Shufersal	1967	United Duchies	€1,299,932,540.28	0.28%	€1,384,867,571.18	0.16%	454	38	0.06%
LloydsPharmacy	1973	UK	€0.00	0.00%	€1,243,257,540.00	0.14%	1,456	39	0.05%
Wing Yip	1970	United Duchies	€825,998,691.34	0.18%	€861,312,504.00	0.10%	156	40	0.00%
Day Inn	1989	United Duchies	€787,379,615.02	0.17%	€827,949,122.00	0.09%	143	41	-
Total:		-	€466,185,150,283.71	100.00%	€887,527,522,080.95	100.00%	-	-	-

[BrumBrum]

Apparel/Sportswear Market

Apparel Retailer	Owner	Country	Marketshare %	Revenue from Apparel/Sportswear and Equipment	Stores
Roscoes	Roscoes	United Duchies	9.50%	€14,983,522,750.57	2,248
Sainsburys	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	3.01%	€4,747,410,892.55	809
C&A	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	2.78%	€4,384,651,920.69	558
Klauser Schuhe	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	1.46%	€2,302,730,864.82	432
KIK	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	1.44%	€2,271,186,606.40	1020
WE	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	1.30%	€2,050,376,797.45	567
Suitsupply	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	0.45%	€709,745,814.50	345
Breuninger	Tengelmenn Group	United Duchies	1.24%	€1,955,744,022.18	94
M&S	M&S Duchies	UK	3.23%	€5,094,397,735.19	378
House of Fraser	Frasers Group Duchies	UK	1.50%	€2,365,819,381.67	78
Sports Direct	Frasers Group Duchies	UK	1.20%	€1,892,655,505.33	268
USC	Frasers Group Duchies	UK	0.83%	€1,309,086,724.52	258
Jack Wills	Frasers Group Duchies	UK	0.67%	€1,056,732,657.15	224
GAP Inc	GAP INC	California	1.90%	€2,996,704,550.11	309
Old Navy	GAP INC	California	1.35%	€2,129,237,443.50	278
ASOS	ASOS	UK	1.70%	€2,681,261,965.89	-
Zara	Inditex	Spain	1.50%	€2,365,819,381.67	245
Pull and Bear	Inditex	Spain	0.70%	€1,104,049,044.78	87
Bershka	Inditex	Spain	0.65%	€1,025,188,398.72	103
Massimo Dutti	Inditex	Spain	0.45%	€709,745,814.50	59
Stradivarius	Inditex	Spain	0.34%	€536,252,393.18	34
TK Maxx	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	2.41%	€3,801,083,139.88	758
Alsterhaus	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	1.31%	€2,066,148,926.66	112
De Bijenkorf	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	0.60%	€946,327,752.67	34
Jack Wolfskin	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	0.67%	€1,056,732,657.15	178
Mountain Warehouse	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	0.80%	€1,261,770,336.89	278
Deichmann	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	1.55%	€2,444,680,027.72	898
Intersport	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	1.70%	€2,681,261,965.89	387
Regent	Amalgamated Retail Brands	United Duchies	0.65%	€1,025,188,398.72	511
Peek & Cloppenburg	Peek and Kloppenburg	United Duchies	3.00%	€4,731,638,763.34	206
Primark	Primark Group	UK	2.87%	€4,526,601,083.59	409
Very	Very Group	UK	1.70%	€2,681,261,965.89	0
Littlewoods	Very Group	UK	1.40%	€2,208,098,089.56	0
Adidas	Adidas Inc	United Duchies	2.41%	€3,801,083,139.88	512
John Lewis	John Lewis Group	UK	2.04%	€3,217,514,359.07	144
Spadi	Spadi	Inquista	1.89%	€2,980,932,420.90	535
Tesco	Tesco	UK	2.10%	€3,312,147,134.34	409
Puma	Puma	United Duchies	2.02%	€3,185,970,100.65	505
Next	Next	UK	1.57%	€2,476,224,286.15	564
Reiss	Next	UK	0.29%	€457,391,747.12	187
JD Sport	JD Sport	UK	1.93%	€3,044,020,937.75	513
Matalan	Matalan	UK	1.90%	€2,996,704,550.11	467
Levi Strauss & Co.	Levis	California	1.70%	€2,681,261,965.89	224
Pep&Co	Poundland Group	UK	1.63%	€2,570,857,061.41	2,277
Zalando	Zalando Group	United Duchies	1.61%	€2,539,312,802.99	0
Reyali	Reyali	Brickston	1.57%	€2,476,224,286.15	2,444
Clarks	Clarks	UK	1.55%	€2,444,680,027.72	664
Uniqlo	Uniqlo	Yosai	1.42%	€2,239,642,347.98	278
Skechers	Skechers	California	1.30%	€2,050,376,797.45	304
About You	Otto GmbH	United Duchies	1.11%	€1,750,706,342.43	0
BonPrix	Otto GmbH	United Duchies	0.87%	€1,372,175,241.37	0
Grattan	Otto GmbH	United Duchies	0.56%	€883,239,235.82	0
Freemans	Otto GmbH	United Duchies	0.45%	€709,745,814.50	0
SportsCheck	Signa	United Duchies	1.10%	€1,734,934,213.22	313
G-Star Raw	Signa	United Duchies	0.90%	€1,419,491,629.00	211
Galeria Karstadt Kaufhof	Signa	United Duchies	0.99%	€1,561,440,791.90	66
Shoe Zone	Shoezone	UK	1.09%	€1,719,162,084.01	697
Birkenstock	Birkenstock	United Duchies	0.89%	€1,403,719,499.79	109
Mango	Mango Group	Spain	0.87%	€1,372,175,241.37	567
Superdry	Superdry	UK	0.82%	€1,293,314,595.31	167
Hugo Boss	Hugo Boss	United Duchies	0.74%	€1,167,137,561.62	178
Trespass	Tresspass	UK	0.70%	€1,104,049,044.78	198
Other:	-	-	4.11%	€6,482,345,105.77	5861
Total:	-	-	100.00%	€157,721,292,111.25	31,070

Tools/DIY Market

Chain	Country of Owner	Owner	Marketshare	Revenue from DIY/Tools	Stores
OBI	United Duchies	Tengelmann Group	13.90%	€6,197,989,761.32	453
Toom	United Duchies	REWE	12.40%	€5,529,141,945.35	399
Bauhaus	United Duchies	JHB Group	11.11%	€4,953,932,823.62	356
Globus Baumarkt	United Duchies	B&M Globus	10.32%	€4,601,672,973.87	345
Hornbach	United Duchies	Amalgamated Retail Brands	9.75%	€4,347,510,803.81	311
B&Q	United Kingdom	B&Q	7.90%	€3,522,598,497.44	213
Praxis	United Duchies	AH Group	7.20%	€3,210,469,516.66	207
Bol.com	United Duchies	Otto Group	3.40%	€1,516,055,049.53	-
Hubo	United Duchies	Hubo	6.30%	€2,809,160,827.07	354
Travis Perkins	United Kingdom	Travis Perkins Group	3.90%	€1,739,004,321.52	96
Wickes	United Kingdom	Travis Perkins Group	2.10%	€936,386,942.36	178
Toolstation	United Kingdom	Travis Perkins Group	1.90%	€847,207,233.56	256
Homebase	United Kingdom	Homebase Group	4.50%	€2,006,543,447.91	167
Bathstore	United Kingdom	Homebase Group	1.10%	€490,488,398.38	141
Topps Tiles	United Kingdom	Homebase Group	0.90%	€401,308,689.58	89
Other	-	-	3.32%	€1,480,383,166.01	2099
Total	-	-	100.00%	€44,589,854,398.00	5664

Technology Retail Market

Chain	Country of Owner	Owner	Marketshare	Revenue from Technology Sales	Stores
Roscoes	United Duchies	Roscoes	17.07%	€18,405,159,710.59	2,248
Saturn	United Duchies	Amalgamated Retail Brands	12.10%	€13,043,554,230.08	609
Alsterhaus	United Duchies	Amalgamated Retail Brands	2.22%	€2,393,114,908.33	112
De Bijenkorf	United Duchies	Amalgamated Retail Brands	0.78%	€840,824,156.98	34
Mediamarkt	United Duchies	Tengelmenn Group	9.10%	€9,809,615,164.77	534
Woolworth	United Duchies	Tengelmenn Group	0.23%	€247,935,328.34	716
Sainsburys	United Duchies	Tengelmenn Group	1.11%	€1,196,557,454.16	809
Argos	United Duchies	Tengelmenn Group	3.01%	€3,244,718,862.19	809
Breuninger	United Duchies	Tengelmenn Group	2.39%	€2,576,371,455.36	94
Otto	United Duchies	Otto Group	8.30%	€8,947,231,414.02	-
Amazon	California	Amazon	7.90%	€8,516,039,538.64	-
Bestbuy	Calfornia	BestBuy	6.30%	€6,791,272,037.15	322
Coolblue	United Duchies	Coolblue	5.90%	€6,360,080,161.77	-
Euronics	United Duchies	Euronics	3.10%	€3,341,737,034.15	4098
Currys	United Kingdom	Currys	2.84%	€3,061,462,315.16	311
Spadi	Inquista	Spadi	2.30%	€2,479,353,283.40	535
Tesco	United Kingdom	Tesco	2.10%	€2,263,757,345.72	409
John Lewis	United Kingdom	John Lewis Group	1.90%	€2,048,161,408.03	144
Globus	United Duchies	B&M Globus	1.80%	€1,940,363,439.18	404
B&M	United Kingdom	B&M Globus	1.43%	€1,541,510,954.46	1,435
Dixons	United Duchies	Dixons	1.72%	€1,854,125,064.11	497
Very	United Kingdom	Very Group	1.56%	€1,681,648,313.96	-
Littlewoods	United Kingdom	Very Group	1.40%	€1,509,171,563.81	-
The Range	United Kingdom	The Range	0.23%	€247,935,328.34	340
Other	-	-	3.21%	€3,456,268,370.89	3876
Total	-	-	100.00%	€107,797,968,843.60	16,087

Furniture Market

Chain	Owner	Marketshare	Revenue	Stores
Ikea	Ikea	24.97%	€27,433,379,839.91	104
Höffner	Tengelmenn Group	22.52%	€24,740,390,675.75	189
Breuninger	Tengelmenn Group	0.87%	€955,828,612.76	94
SCS	Tengelmenn Group	4.74%	€5,209,191,277.77	409
Habitat	Tengelmenn Group	3.94%	€4,326,683,461.83	156
Manufactum	Otto Group	2.20%	€2,417,037,871.36	-
Galeria Karstadt Kaufhof	Signa	6.10%	€6,701,786,825.13	66
Furniture Village	Amalgamated Retail Brands	5.56%	€6,104,478,871.61	154
Dwell	Amalgamated Retail Brands	3.97%	€4,357,481,628.47	134
DFS	Amalgamated Retail Brands	5.12%	€5,625,106,318.80	343
Alsterhaus	Amalgamated Retail Brands	0.55%	€605,680,421.47	112
De Bijenkorf	Amalgamated Retail Brands	0.34%	€373,542,216.48	34
M&S	M&S	0.89%	€977,801,684.32	387
Oak Furnitureland	Oak Furnitureland	3.10%	€3,405,826,091.46	187
Manufactum	Otto Group	2.20%	€2,417,037,871.36	-
House of Fraser	Fraser Group	0.79%	€867,936,326.53	78
John Lewis	John Lewis Group	0.67%	€736,097,897.19	144
Other	-	11.48%	€12,610,069,896.80	3,523
Total	-	100.00%	€109,865,357,789.00	6,114

Top Ten Retail Groups:

Top Ten Companies	Grocery Revenue	% of Grocery Market	Non-grocery revenue	Revenue	Stores
Roscoes	€64,749,308,134.30	13.89%	€77,317,193,719.20	€142,066,501,853.50	4,483
Tengelmenn Group	€30,343,214,176.83	6.51%	€96,065,337,309.88	€126,408,551,486.71	10,555
Amalgamated Retail Brands	€578,798,276.55	0.12%	€56,567,200,265.57	€57,145,998,542.13	4,707
Coop Group	€31,086,149,316.22	6.67%	€17,111,572,188.78	€48,197,721,505.00	21,044
JHB Group	€24,169,282,281.15	5.18%	€22,818,471,739.86	€46,987,754,021.01	9,496
Schwarz Group	€37,714,317,308.50	8.09%	€8,806,749,907.50	€46,521,067,216.00	2,544
REWE	€25,056,603,892.23	5.37%	€17,128,156,627.20	€42,184,760,519.43	7,210
AH Group	€22,141,078,851.11	4.75%	€20,002,265,599.75	€42,143,344,450.86	5,012
Aldi	€34,763,571,277.79	7.46%	€6,572,423,107.22	€41,335,994,385.00	2,709
Edeka Group	€24,556,029,341.41	5.27%	€5,514,451,454.59	€30,070,480,796.00	3,467
Top Ten total	€295,158,352,856.07	63.31%	€327,903,821,919.57	€623,062,174,775.64	71,226

Ceramics/Pottery

Company	Brands	Duchy	City/Region
Denby Group	Denby , Burleigh,Emma Bridgewater	Supseaxe	Stoc-on-Trent
PS Group	Pimpernel, Spode	Supseaxe	Stoc-on-Trent
Regal Doulton	Regal Doulton,Wedgwood	Supseaxe	Stoc-on-Trent
Churchill Group	Steelite , Flux, churchill China	Supseaxe	Stoc-on-Trent
Rosenthal	Hutschenreuther , Thomas,Arzberg,Arthur Krupp	Westseaxna	-
Villeroy & Boch	Villeroy & Boch,Könitz Porzellan,Waechtersbach ceramics	Westseaxna	-
W&W&W	Wagner & Apel Porzellan,Wallendorfer Porzellan,Weimar Porzellan	Westseaxna	-
DKP Group	De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles,De Delftse Pauw	Supseaxe	Hollandshire

Banking Groups

Bank Marketshare	Brands	%	Owner	Accounts:	Deposits	Deposit %	LDR %	Revenue
Roscoes Bank:	Roscoe Bank	22.40%	Roscoes	43,742,022	€3,771,770,985,912.96	17.20%	80.00%	€28,198,241,840.92
7 Duchies-Duchies Merchant Bank	7 Duchies, Duchies Merchant Bank	13.20%	Union Bank	25,776,549	€3,749,842,084,832.07	17.10%	85.00%	€36,034,032,034.00
TSB	TSB	11.65%	New Chartered Bank	22,749,757	€2,477,965,822,140.49	11.30%	77.00%	€22,203,452,304.00
Coop Bank	Coop Bank	10.85%	Coop Group	21,187,542	€2,339,813,745,330.89	10.67%	70.00%	€19,409,853,300.00
CaspiaBank	Caspia Bank	9.60%	Bank of the Commonwealth ,BDO	18,746,581	€1,929,743,295,118.26	8.80%	86.00%	€17,390,876,543.00
ING Bank	ING Bank	6.10%	ING Group	11,911,890	€1,776,240,987,552.03	8.10%	83.50%	€16,865,504,340.00
Hanseatic Bank	Hanseatic Bank, Sainsburys Bank	5.89%	Tengelmenn Group	11,501,808	€1,184,160,658,368.02	5.40%	81.70%	€14,567,886,570.00
Edeka Bank	Edeka Bank	5.32%	Edeka Group	10,388,730	€1,116,181,065,017.27	5.09%	80.90%	€12,908,643,670.00
Commerzbank -Radobank	Commerzbank, Radobank	4.57%	Commerzbank -Radobank Group	8,924,154	€1,245,561,581,394.51	5.68%	83.10%	€15,719,356,354.00
Lloyds Banking Duchies	Lloyds Bank	3.75%	Lloyds	7,322,883	€1,074,516,152,963.58	4.90%	85.00%	€13,986,463,565.00
Wells Fargo	Wells Fargo	2.10%	Wells Fargo	4,100,815	€701,724,834,588.46	3.20%	84.00%	€11,579,876,508.00
Other:		4.57%	-	8,924,154	€561,379,867,670.77	2.56%	83.00%	€2,907,532,908.00
Total:		100.00%	-	195,276,884	€21,928,901,080,889.30	100.00%	78.90%	€211,771,719,936.92

Tour operators

Tour operator:	%	Holidays Sold:	Revenue	TUI
TUI-Abbott	34.10%	24,076,408	€29,108,377,662.51	TUI, First Choice, TUI Cruises, Marella ,Crystal,Hapag Lloyd Cruises,Leger
The Holiday Group	17.79%	12,560,683	€12,673,729,554.33	Jet 2, Shearings
Der Touristik	11.90%	8,402,031	€10,998,258,653.61	DerTour,ITS,Kuoni
Just Go Travel Group	10.10%	7,131,136	€5,769,088,702.83	Just Go, National Holidays, Omega Holidays
Neckermann	9.30%	6,566,293	€6,697,619,042.58	Neckermann Reisen,Neckerman Travel,Sunwing
Play Holidays(formerly Wow Holidays)	7.10%	5,012,977	€4,125,679,670.20	Play Holidays
Alltours	6.87%	4,850,584	€4,258,813,029.54	Alltours, Alltoura
Other:	2.84%	2,005,191	€1,221,161,078.57	-
Total:	100.00%	70,605,303	€74,852,727,394.16	-