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    European Space Exploration Act of 2020

    European Council
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    • Kingdom of Reitzmag
      Kingdom of Reitzmag Eurocorps last edited by Kingdom of Reitzmag

      To explain properly what some terms used here really means.
      Firstly, the ESA space complex will be built on the edge of the Free City of Europolis via land reclamation. This will mainly house the ESA Central Office but may also be used by any space company, government-owned or private, if necessary. And I agree to Cllr. Falk's idea "that the ESA work as some sort of optional intermediary for EU Member-states and private corporations that get those who need an area to launch their space-related projects together with those who already have the necessary facilities in the right location".
      Secondly, the ESA will have authority over both national and private space agencies within a member-state.
      The main goal of the regulations given on Section III is to limit the amount of nuclear waste and space junk orbiting around the Earth and to prevent spread of radioactive material in case of an in-flight explosion.
      The ESA is not an additional middleman for private organizations to get involved in the space industry. The ESA will remain neutral over the private space companies and will have no authority over their transactions and intercompany relations.
      The ESA is made to also assist any national and private space companies in case of emergency or any other necessity like additional personnel or additional space vehicle.

      Ben Hufton
      Councilor, United Reichs of Reitzmag

      alt text

      HM King George
      Monarch

      Sir Simon Bridges GCB KCMG GCT MP
      Prime Minister

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      • Inquista
        Inquista last edited by

        The debate extension shall be granted. Councillors will have until 22:45 GMT January 29th, 2020 to further debate this bill and propose amendments.

        Edward Firoux
        Council Speaker and Councillor for Inquista

        siggy.png The Most Blessed State of Inquista
        Archbishop Mikaela Kligenberg
        Chief Bishop Secretary Edward Firoux
        Councillor Karinn Lallana

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        • Kingdom of Reitzmag
          Kingdom of Reitzmag Eurocorps last edited by Kingdom of Reitzmag

          I would like to propose the following amendments to specify some conditions given:

          Amendment I:
          Section I.
          Whereas, the ESA will have its headquarters in the Free City of Europolis and office branches within all member-states of the European Union.
          Whereas, the ESA will build a Space Complex within the edge of the Free City of Europolis via land reclamation.
          Whereas, the ESA Space Complex may be used by any space agency, whether government run or private owned, of all European member-states if necessary.

          Amendment II:
          Section II.
          Whereas, the ESA shall have authority over the use of space technology by any member-state of the European Union including government run or private owned agencies.
          Whereas, the ESA may give any appropriate punishment to any space agency of any member-state that violates any section of this act, this may include suspension of operation within a certain period of time.
          Whereas, the ESA may establish additional regulations about space research and exploration via the SERC.
          Whereas, the ESA has the rights to issue licenses to private space agencies for operation.
          Whereas, the ESA may hand-over the jurisdiction to the ECoJ if a member-state fails to comply with any Space Research and Exploration Regulation (SRER).
          Whereas, the ESA has no rights over military exercises that involves the use of space technology.
          Whereas, the ESA shall remain transparent of all information gathered whether from joint or independent researches.

          Amendment III:
          Section III.
          Whereas, space vehicles such as rockets and satellites sent out have the following limitations for each location:
          For each member-state:

          • Low-Earth orbit- corresponds to the size of 4 Hubble Space telescopes
          • Medium Earth orbit- corresponds to the size of 7 Hubble Space telescopes
          • High Earth orbit- corresponds to the size of 10 Skylab Satellites
          • Moon- corresponds to 3 Apollo 11 Lunar Modules
          • Beyond Earth orbit- unlimited number of vehicles

          Whereas, use of Nuclear Energy for fueling space rockets are prohibited.
          Whereas, launching of space vehicles each day is limited to 3 rockets per space agency to prevent the increase of pollution via too much combustion of rocket fuel.
          Whereas, use of space-borne WMD is prohibited.
          Whereas, national space agencies must notify the ESA for any incoming space launches.
          Whereas, all national space agencies are automatically given license to operate.
          Whereas, all member-states may only have 1 dedicated national space agency.
          Whereas, private space agencies must apply for a license to operate from the ESA.

          Amendment IV:
          Section IV.
          Whereas, the Astronaut General shall hold the highest authority over the ESA and shall preside over council meetings.
          Whereas, the Directors of Space Exploration and Space Research shall preside side-to-side together over SERC meetings in the absence of the Astronaut General.
          Whereas, the Space Exploration and Research Council (SERC) shall be made up of 8 members which vote over proposed Space Memorandum Resolutions (SMR) to be passed as a Space Research and Exploration Regulation (SRER).
          Whereas, the absence of any SER Councilor shall be limited to 14 consecutive days.
          Whereas, SER Councilors absent from the SERC for more than 14 consecutive days are subject for replacement and immediate by-election.
          Whereas, the following officials in the ESA must be elected within a period of time:

          • Astronaut-General- elected every 6 months
          • Director of Space Exploration (DSE)- elected every 3 months
          • Director of Space Research (DSR)- elected every 3 months
          • Space Exploration and Research Council- elected every 6 months

          Whereas, all member-states shall provide a representative in the Space Exploration and Research Council (SERC)
          Whereas, all member-states with a licensed national space agency have the rights to nominate at most 3 candidates for the SERC, 1 candidate for either the DSE or the DSR, and 1 for Astronaut-General.
          Whereas, election of ESA Officials shall follow the same election procedures of the European Commission.

          Amendment V:
          Section V. Definitions of Terms and Specification of Parameters
          Whereas, the Hubble Space Telescope's size in Section III is defined as:

          • Length: 43.5 feet (13.2 m)
          • Maximum Diameter: 14 feet (4.2 m)

          Whereas, the Skylab Satellite's size in Section III is defined as:

          • Length: 84 feet (25.6032 m)
          • Maximum Diameter: 22 feet (6.7056 m)

          Whereas, the Apollo 11 Lunar Module's size in Section III is defined as:

          • Weight: 15,103 kg

          Whereas, the ESA Space Complex in Section I will be defined as:

          • Total Land Area: 600 sq. km (231.661 sq. mi)
          • Total Reclaimed Land Area: 500 sq. km (193.051 sq. mi)

          Whereas, Space Memorandum Resolutions are defined as to something similar to proposals made to the EU Council but are intended only for the SERC which follows the same procedures until it becomes a Space Research and Exploration Regulation.
          Whereas, Space Research and Exploration Regulations are laws intended for space research and exploration whether to restrict an action or to further support something such as a new method of launching spacecraft.

          Note:

          • All additional phrases, clauses, articles, or parts are italicized.
          • All parts of the previous proposal that are in strike through are subject for removal.
          • An additional Section V is included for the sake of Definitions of terms and Specification of parameters.

          Ben Hufton
          Councilor, United Reichs of Reitzmag

          alt text

          HM King George
          Monarch

          Sir Simon Bridges GCB KCMG GCT MP
          Prime Minister

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          • Vayinaod
            Vayinaod EU last edited by Vayinaod

            I appreciate Cllr. Hufton's clarifications, it makes understanding the intent at least for debate on this act easier. However, considering the massive implications on a multi-billion dollar industry, the bill as is still presents some issues.

            Namely still the purpose and potential outright danger of the "space complex" whose apparent dimensions have already been decided but still with a generic purpose of being a headquarters and 'usable' by other agencies. Along with greater environmental dangers of simply ripping apart the environment in the Free City to "reclaim" over 500 square kilometers.

            I have some amendments that I believe will improve the overall act.
            AMENDMENT VI
            Section I. Establishment of European Space Administration (ESA)
            Whereas, the ESA will have its headquarters in the Free City of Europolis and office branches within all member-states of the European Union. , as well as additional office branches as allowed by European Member-states.
            Whereas, the ESA will build a Space Complex within the Free City of Europolis. will prepare a report to the Premier Commissioner and the European Council on the feasibility of a regional spaceport.
            Whereas, a spaceport shall be defined as a site capable of launching and receiving space craft, launch vehicles into orbital or suborbital trajectories; this site shall be capable of whatever activities are needed to support said actions.
            Whereas, the report complied by the ESA shall focus on the potential impact to the local area of proposed sites, total end cost, safety to local residents, and long term feasibility of the project.
            Whereas, the ESA Space Complex may be used by any national space agency of European member-states if necessary. on a case by case basis, ESA facilities shall be considered open for use by European Union Member-states, private organizations. The European Union has the right to request compensation for this use.

            AMENDMENT VII
            Section II. Rights and Duties of the ESA
            Whereas, the ESA shall have authority over the use of space technology by any member-state of the European Union. shall work to invest and research in new technologies and sciences that relate to the civilian use of space. The ESA shall work with national agencies in member states to cross-harmonize regulations.
            Whereas, the ESA may give any appropriate punishment to national space agencies of any member-state that violates any section of this act. may provide administrative punishments to any local agencies or private entity that violates any section of this act, and any regulations established by the ESA. The Commissioner of Internal Affairs shall be considered the final arbiter in any dispute against administrative punishments.
            Whereas, the ESA shall attempt to the best of its ability refer any judicial punishments to lowest appropriate level after consultations with member-states.

            Whereas, the ESA may establish additional regulations about space research and exploration.
            Whereas, the ESA may hand-over the jurisdiction to the ECoJ if a member-state fails to comply with any Space Memorandum Circulars (SMRs).
            Whereas, the ESA shall have the ability to participate in incident investigations of regional important, or as requested by member-states of the European Union. The ESA shall issue a report to the European Council if any investigation is conducted.
            Whereas, the ESA shall provide a biannual report on its activities to the European Council, and a yearly budgetary request.
            Whereas, the ESA shall set forth standards and recommendations on regulations; it has no right to establish outright regulation without the consent of a member-state.

            Whereas. the ESA has the right to be notified of civil use of space, as well as potential emergencies that could impact multi-nations.

            AMENDMENT VIII
            Section III. Space Research and Exploration Regulations
            Whereas, space vehicles such as rockets and satellites sent out have the following limitations for each location:
            For each member-state:

            Low-Earth orbit- corresponds to the size of 4 Hubble Space telescopes
            Medium Earth orbit- corresponds to the size of 7 Hubble Space telescopes
            High Earth orbit- corresponds to the size of 10 Skylab Satellites
            Moon- corresponds to 3 Apollo 11 Lunar Modules
            Beyond Earth orbit- unlimited number of vehicles
            Whereas, use of Nuclear Energy for fueling space rockets are prohibited.
            Whereas, launching of space vehicles each day is limited to 3 rockets to prevent the increase of pollution via combustion of rocket fuel.
            Whereas, use of space-borne WMD is prohibited.
            Whereas, national space agencies must notify the ESA for any incoming space launches.
            Whereas, private space agencies must apply for a license to operate from the ESA.

            AMENDMENT IX
            Section IV III. Administration of the ESA
            Whereas, the Astronaut General shall hold the highest authority over the ESA and shall preside over council meetings.
            Whereas, the Directors of Space Exploration and Space Research shall preside side-to-side in the absence of the Astronaut General.
            Whereas, the Space Exploration and Research Council (SERC) shall be made up of 8 members which vote over proposed Space Memorandum Resolutions (SMR) to be passed as a Space Research and Exploration Regulation (SRER).
            Whereas, the absence of any SER Councilor shall be limited to 14 consecutive days.
            Whereas, SER Councilors absent from the SERC for more than 14 consecutive days are subject for replacement and immediate by-election.
            Whereas, the following officials in the ESA must be elected within a period of time:

            Astronaut-General- elected every 6 months
            Director of Space Exploration- elected every 3 months
            Director of Space Research- elected every 3 months
            Space Exploration and Research Council- elected every 6 months
            Whereas, all member-states with a licensed national space agency have the rights to nominate at most 3 candidates for the SERC, 1 for either the DSE or the DSR, and 1 for Astronaut-General.
            Whereas, election of ESA Officials shall follow the same election procedures of the European Commission.

            Whereas, the ESA shall be organized, and overseen under the purview of the Commissioner of Internal Affairs
            Whereas, the Commissioner of Internal Affairs will appoint a Director of the European Space Agency, and may dismiss them as they see fit.
            Whereas, the Director of the ESA will oversee the day to day operations of the ESA, as well as chair the ESA Advisory Council.
            Whereas, the ESA Advisory Council will be composed of one representative from each member-state.
            Whereas, the ESA Advisory Council shall set forth standards, recommendations, as well as conduct other administrative duties within the ESA.
            Whereas, the ESA shall received its director and have its council established within a one year period from the passage of this act. Any standards, recommendations, or other declarations from the ESA shall have a one year grace period to be fully implemented.


            These amendments, I believe in a way drastically alter the act, but make it far more acceptable for the Archrepublic. I did model it after my the European Aviation Standization Act.

            Arch-Konsul: Kristian Nylund (Greens)
            Ruling Coalition: Greens, Moderates
            EU Councillor : Carita Falk (Greens-Independent)

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            • Kingdom of Reitzmag
              Kingdom of Reitzmag Eurocorps last edited by Kingdom of Reitzmag

              Thank you Cllr. Falk, I suggest that you have made a better amendment that really suits the interest of both parties, now therefore. I, Ben Hufton, Councilor for the United Reichs of Reitzmag, withdraw the whole of my 5 amendments.
              It can also be observed that the EU Council is becoming more active because of these resolutions. I also commend the councilors from Inquista and Vayinaod for their great dedication in helping me understand the basic concepts of proposing laws for the EU.

              Lastly, I would like to request that an OIC Director of the European Space Agency be assigned by the council immediately after this act is passed.

              This also goes without saying that I vote FOR amendments VI, VII, VIII, and IX.

              Ben Hufton
              Councilor, United Reichs of Reitzmag

              alt text

              HM King George
              Monarch

              Sir Simon Bridges GCB KCMG GCT MP
              Prime Minister

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              • Spain
                Spain last edited by

                Good afternoon everybody.

                I might say that the United Reichs of Reitzmag has started working very fast, and today they have brought us a very interesting proposal that I'm looking forward to analyze properly.

                But, I'd like to specially focus on the proposed Section VI. This section seems to me as a very unnecessary one. In my opinion, the European Union doesn't need more charges or seats for every single important organization we make. Of course they need a director and such things like that, but not charges like Astronaut General. So, I'll vote FOR the proposed amendants by Cllr. Falk.

                Anyway, I look to get this passed and start working all together in exploring the space, because we need that. And, from my point of view, if something has been prooved by the European Union, is the fact that together we're stronger and we can make more things than being separated.

                Alfonso Rodríguez
                Councillor, Spain

                The Kingdom of Spain
                His Majesty the King, Felipe VI
                President Alberto Núñez-Feijóo
                Councillor and Council Speaker Donald Tusk

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                • Inquista
                  Inquista last edited by Inquista

                  On behalf of the Most Blessed State of Inquista, I vote FOR all of Councillor Falk's amendments.

                  Voting on amendments will continue to be open for a further 72 hours, until 06:30 GMT February 2nd, 2020.

                  Edward Firoux
                  Council Speaker and Councillor for Inquista

                  siggy.png The Most Blessed State of Inquista
                  Archbishop Mikaela Kligenberg
                  Chief Bishop Secretary Edward Firoux
                  Councillor Karinn Lallana

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                  • Vayinaod
                    Vayinaod EU last edited by

                    On behalf of the Archrepublic of Vayinaod, I vote FOR all of my amendments.

                    Arch-Konsul: Kristian Nylund (Greens)
                    Ruling Coalition: Greens, Moderates
                    EU Councillor : Carita Falk (Greens-Independent)

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                    • Spain
                      Spain last edited by

                      On behalf of the Kingdom of Spain, I vote FOR all of Councillor Falk's amendments.

                      The Kingdom of Spain
                      His Majesty the King, Felipe VI
                      President Alberto Núñez-Feijóo
                      Councillor and Council Speaker Donald Tusk

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                      • B
                        Boseevick last edited by

                        On behalf of the Democratic Republic of Boseevick, I vote FOR all of Councillor Falk's amendments

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                        • Inquista
                          Inquista last edited by Inquista

                          Apologies for the significant delay.

                          With 6 votes for, ALL of Councillor Falk's amendments have been PASSED. The original piece of legislation has been updated to reflect the passed amendments.

                          Final voting on the legislation begins NOW and will last until 03:30 GMT February 9th, 2020.

                          I applaud Councillor Falk's amendments, which, in my opinion, have saved this bill. Thus...

                          On behalf of the Most Blesse State of Inquista, I vote FOR this bill.

                          Edward Firoux
                          Council Speaker and Councillor for Inquista

                          siggy.png The Most Blessed State of Inquista
                          Archbishop Mikaela Kligenberg
                          Chief Bishop Secretary Edward Firoux
                          Councillor Karinn Lallana

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                          • California
                            California EU last edited by

                            On behalf of the Kingdom of Gallorum, I, Marion Rousselot vote FOR the act.

                            The Commonwealth of California
                            Prime Minister Kamala Harris
                            Governor-General Julia Gillard
                            Councilor Snoop Dogg

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                            • Kingdom of Reitzmag
                              Kingdom of Reitzmag Eurocorps last edited by

                              On behalf of the United Reichs of Reitzmag, HM George I, and all of the Reitzmen. I vote FOR this bill.
                              I also would like to appreciate nominating Engr. Friedrich Johann von Schwitz of the Reitzmic Royal Space Agency as Director of the ESA.

                              Ben Hufton
                              Councilor, United Reichs of Reitzmag

                              alt text

                              HM King George
                              Monarch

                              Sir Simon Bridges GCB KCMG GCT MP
                              Prime Minister

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                              • Spain
                                Spain last edited by

                                On behalf of the Kingdom of Spain, i vote FOR this act

                                The Kingdom of Spain
                                His Majesty the King, Felipe VI
                                President Alberto Núñez-Feijóo
                                Councillor and Council Speaker Donald Tusk

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                                • Vayinaod
                                  Vayinaod EU last edited by

                                  I wish to firstly say I believe that while my amendments have helped make this bill more easy to digest; it is far more fair to say that they were simply band-aid solutions.

                                  My personal belief is that something like the ESA should be a treaty based organization, and my government has concurred with this assessment.

                                  I, Carita Falk, on behalf of the Archrepublic vote AGAINST this act.

                                  Arch-Konsul: Kristian Nylund (Greens)
                                  Ruling Coalition: Greens, Moderates
                                  EU Councillor : Carita Falk (Greens-Independent)

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                                  • Inquista
                                    Inquista last edited by

                                    Voting has now concluded. With 4 votes for and 1 vote against, this Act has PASSED.

                                    Edward Firoux
                                    Council Speaker and Councillor for Inquista

                                    siggy.png The Most Blessed State of Inquista
                                    Archbishop Mikaela Kligenberg
                                    Chief Bishop Secretary Edward Firoux
                                    Councillor Karinn Lallana

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